When nrf pwm audio is introduced, it will be called `audiopwmio`. To
enable code sharing with the existing (dac-based) `audioio`, factor
the sample and mixer types to `audiocore`.
INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Now, `Mixer`, `RawSample` and `WaveFile` must
be imported from `audiocore`, not `audioio`.
This also improves Palette so it stores the original RGB888 colors.
Lastly, it adds I2CDisplay as a display bus to talk over I2C. Particularly
useful for the SSD1306.
Fixes#1828. Fixes#1956
If a native displayio object is accessed before it's super().__init__()
has been called, then a placeholder is given that will cause a crash if
accessed. This is tricky to get right so we detect this case and raise
a NotInplementedError instead of crashing.
Fixes#1881
For both small and long integers, raise an exception if calling
struct.pack, adding an element to an array.array, or formatting an int
with int.to_bytes would overflow the requested size.
* Update pybadge pins and flash for rev D
* TileGrid now validates the type of the pixel_shader.
* Display actually handles incoming subclass objects.
* MicroPython will inspect native parents to see if special
accessors are used.
This fixes a crash on boards with built-in displays which statically
allocate the display bus. When the pointer is provided to never
free, it tries to allocate on the non-existant heap and crashes.
This feature is controlled at compile time by MICROPY_PY_URE_SUB, disabled
by default.
Thanks to @dmazzella for the original patch for this feature; see #3770.
This feature is controlled at compile time by
MICROPY_PY_URE_MATCH_SPAN_START_END, disabled by default.
Thanks to @dmazzella for the original patch for this feature; see #3770.
This feature is controlled at compile time by MICROPY_PY_URE_MATCH_GROUPS,
disabled by default.
Thanks to @dmazzella for the original patch for this feature; see #3770.
This changes a number of things in displayio:
* Introduces BuiltinFont and Glyph so the built in font can be used by libraries. For boards with
a font it is available as board.TERMINAL_FONT. Fixes#1172
* Remove _load_row from Bitmap in favor of bitmap[] access. Index can be x/y tuple or overall index. Fixes#1191
* Add width and height properties to Bitmap.
* Add insert and [] access to Group. Fixes#1518
* Add index param to pop on Group.
* Terminal no longer takes unicode character info. It takes a BuiltinFont instead.
* Fix Terminal's handling of [###D vt100 commands used when up arrowing into repl history.
* Add x and y positions to Group plus scale as well.
* Add bitmap accessor for BuiltinFont
This creates a common safe mode mechanic that ports can share.
As a result, the nRF52 now has safe mode support as well.
The common safe mode adds a 700ms delay at startup where a reset
during that window will cause a reset into safe mode. This window
is designated by a yellow status pixel and flashing the single led
three times.
A couple NeoPixel fixes are included for the nRF52 as well.
Fixes#1034. Fixes#990. Fixes#615.
The backtrace cannot be given because it relies on the validity
of the qstr data structures on the heap which may have been
corrupted.
In fact, it still can crash hard when the bytecode itself is
overwritten. To fix, we'd need a way to skip gathering the
backtrace completely.
This also increases the default stack size on M4s so it can
accomodate the stack needed by ASF4s nvm API.
This adds support for the OSError attributes : errno, strerror, filename and filename2.
CPython only sets errno if 2 arguments has been passed in. This has not been implemented here.
CPython OSError.args is capped at 2 items for backward compatibility reasons. This has not been
implemented here.
MICROPY_CPYTHON_COMPAT has to be enabled to get these attributes.
mp_common_errno_to_str() has been extended to check mp_errno_to_str() as well. This is done to ease
reuse for the strerror argument.
Add traceback chain to sys.exec_info()[2].
No actual frame info is added, but just enough to recreate the printed
exception traceback.
Used by the unittest module which collects errors and failures and prints
them at the end.
This gives access to the function underlying the bound method.
Used in the converted CPython stdlib logging.Formatter class to handle
overrriding a default converter method bound to a class variable.
The method becomes bound when accessed from an instance of that class.
I didn't investigate why CircuitPython turns it into a bound method.
This reverts commit 869024dd6e.
Ctrl-C stopped producing KeyboardInterrupt with this change on CircuitPython.
The Unix and stm32 ports handles Ctrl-C differently with a handler which is
probably why they where not affected.
Fixes#1092
This saves code space in builds which use link-time optimization.
The optimization drops the untranslated strings and replaces them
with a compressed_string_t struct. It can then be decompressed to
a c string.
Builds without LTO work as well but include both untranslated
strings and compressed strings.
This work could be expanded to include QSTRs and loaded strings if
a compress method is added to C. Its tracked in #531.
Imports generate a lot of garbage so cleaning it up immediately
reduces the likelihood longer lived data structures don't end up in
the middle of the heap.
Fixes#856
The existing mp_get_stream_raise() helper does explicit checks that the
input object is a real pointer object, has a non-NULL stream protocol, and
has the desired stream C method (read/write/ioctl). In most cases it is
not necessary to do these checks because it is guaranteed that the input
object has the stream protocol and desired C methods. For example, native
objects that use the stream wrappers (eg mp_stream_readinto_obj) in their
locals dict always have the stream protocol (or else they shouldn't have
these wrappers in their locals dict).
This patch introduces an efficient mp_get_stream() which doesn't do any
checks and just extracts the stream protocol struct. This should be used
in all cases where the argument object is known to be a stream. The
existing mp_get_stream_raise() should be used primarily to verify that an
object does have the correct stream protocol methods.
All uses of mp_get_stream_raise() in py/stream.c have been converted to use
mp_get_stream() because the argument is guaranteed to be a proper stream
object.
This patch improves efficiency of stream operations and reduces code size.
This patch changes dupterm to call the native C stream methods on the
connected stream objects, instead of calling the Python readinto/write
methods. This is much more efficient for native stream objects like UART
and webrepl and doesn't require allocating a special dupterm array.
This change is a minor breaking change from the user's perspective because
dupterm no longer accepts pure user stream objects to duplicate on. But
with the recent addition of uio.IOBase it is possible to still create such
classes just by inheriting from uio.IOBase, for example:
import uio, uos
class MyStream(uio.IOBase):
def write(self, buf):
# existing write implementation
def readinto(self, buf):
# existing readinto implementation
uos.dupterm(MyStream())
Via the config value MICROPY_PY_UHASHLIB_SHA256. Default to enabled to
keep backwards compatibility.
Also add default value for the sha1 class, to at least document its
existence.
A user class derived from IOBase and implementing readinto/write/ioctl can
now be used anywhere a native stream object is accepted.
The mapping from C to Python is:
stream_p->read --> readinto(buf)
stream_p->write --> write(buf)
stream_p->ioctl --> ioctl(request, arg)
Among other things it allows the user to:
- create an object which can be passed as the file argument to print:
print(..., file=myobj), and then print will pass all the data to the
object via the objects write method (same as CPython)
- pass a user object to uio.BufferedWriter to buffer the writes (same as
CPython)
- use select.select on a user object
- register user objects with select.poll, in particular so user objects can
be used with uasyncio
- create user files that can be returned from user filesystems, and import
can import scripts from these user files
For example:
class MyOut(io.IOBase):
def write(self, buf):
print('write', repr(buf))
return len(buf)
print('hello', file=MyOut())
The feature is enabled via MICROPY_PY_IO_IOBASE which is disabled by
default.
This patch adds the gc_sweep_all() function which does a garbage collection
without tracing any root pointers, so frees all the memory, and most
importantly runs any remaining finalisers.
This helps primarily for soft reset: it will close any open files, any open
sockets, and help to get the system back to a clean state upon soft reset.
This patch is a code optimisation, trading text bytes for speed. On
pyboard it's an increase of 0.06% in code size for a gain (in pystone
performance) of roughly 6.5%.
The patch optimises load/store/delete of attributes in user defined classes
by not looking up special accessors (@property, __get__, __delete__,
__set__, __setattr__ and __getattr_) if they are guaranteed not to exist in
the class.
Currently, if you do my_obj.foo() then the runtime has to do a few checks
to see if foo is a property or has __get__, and if so delegate the call.
And for stores things like my_obj.foo = 1 has to first check if foo is a
property or has __set__ defined on it.
Doing all those checks each and every time the attribute is accessed has a
performance penalty. This patch eliminates all those checks for cases when
it's guaranteed that the checks will always fail, ie no attributes are
properties nor have any special accessor methods defined on them.
To make this guarantee it checks all attributes of a user-defined class
when it is first created. If any of the attributes of the user class are
properties or have special accessors, or any of the base classes of the
user class have them, then it sets a flag in the class to indicate that
special accessors must be checked for. Then in the load/store/delete code
it checks this flag to see if it can take the shortcut and optimise the
lookup.
It's an optimisation that's pretty widely applicable because it improves
lookup performance for all methods of user defined classes, and stores of
attributes, at least for those that don't have special accessors. And, it
allows to enable descriptors with minimal additional runtime overhead if
they are not used for a particular user class.
There is one restriction on dynamic class creation that has been introduced
by this patch: a user-defined class cannot go from zero special accessors
to one special accessor (or more) after that class has been subclassed. If
the script attempts this an AttributeError is raised (see addition to
tests/misc/non_compliant.py for an example of this case).
The cost in code space bytes for the optimisation in this patch is:
unix x64: +528
unix nanbox: +508
stm32: +192
cc3200: +200
esp8266: +332
esp32: +244
Performance tests that were done:
- on unix x86-64, pystone improved by about 5%
- on pyboard, pystone improved by about 6.5%, from 1683 up to 1794
- on pyboard, bm_chaos (from CPython benchmark suite) improved by about 5%
- on esp32, pystone improved by about 30% (but there are caching effects)
- on esp32, bm_chaos improved by about 11%
This VFS component allows to mount a host POSIX filesystem within the uPy
VFS sub-system. All traditional POSIX file access then goes through the
VFS, allowing to sandbox a uPy process to a certain sub-dir of the host
system, as well as mount other filesystem types alongside the host
filesystem.
Since a long time now, mp_obj_type_t no longer refers explicitly to
mp_stream_p_t but rather to an abstract "const void *protocol". So there's
no longer any need to define mp_stream_p_t in obj.h and it can go with all
its associated definitions in stream.h. Pretty much all users of this type
will already include the stream header.
We can provide a basic version of mp_errno_to_str even if the uerrno
module won't be provided. Rather than looking errno names up in the
uerrno module's globals dict, we'll just rely on a simple mapping in the
function itself.
The code_state.old_globals variable is there to save the globals state so
should be used for this purpose, to avoid the need for additional local
variables on the C stack.
Without this, if GC threshold is hit and there is not enough memory left to
satisfy the request, gc_collect() will run a second time and the search for
memory will happen again and will fail again.
Thanks to @adritium for pointing out this issue, see #3786.
Under ubsan, when evaluating hash(-0.) the following diagnostic occurs:
../../py/objfloat.c:102:15: runtime error: negation of
-9223372036854775808 cannot be represented in type 'mp_int_t' (aka
'long'); cast to an unsigned type to negate this value to itself
So do just that, to tell the compiler that we want to perform this
operation using modulo arithmetic rules.
Before this, ubsan would detect a problem when executing
hash(006699999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999)
../../py/mpz.c:1539:20: runtime error: left shift of 1067371580458 by
32 places cannot be represented in type 'mp_int_t' (aka 'long')
When the overflow does occur it now happens as defined by the rules of
unsigned arithmetic.
When computing e.g. hash(0.4e3) with ubsan enabled, a diagnostic like the
following would occur:
../../py/objfloat.c:91:30: runtime error: shift exponent 44 is too
large for 32-bit type 'int'
By casting constant "1" to the right type the intended value is preserved.
Fuzz testing combined with the undefined behavior sanitizer found that
parsing unreasonable float literals like 1e+9999999999999 resulted in
undefined behavior due to overflow in signed integer arithmetic, and a
wrong result being returned.
There is no need to use the mp_int_t type which may be 64-bits wide, there
is enough bit-width in a normal int to parse reasonable exponents. Using
int helps to reduce code size for 64-bit ports, especially nan-boxing
builds. (Similarly for the "dig" variable which is now an unsigned int.)
Calling memset(NULL, value, 0) is not standards compliant so we must add an
explicit check that emit->label_offsets is indeed not NULL before calling
memset (this pointer will be NULL on the first pass of the parse tree and
it's more logical / safer to check this pointer rather than check that the
pass is not the first one).
Code sanitizers will warn if NULL is passed as the first value to memset,
and compilers may optimise the code based on the knowledge that any pointer
passed to memset is guaranteed not to be NULL.
Before this patch:
>>> print(')
... ')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
After this patch:
>>> print(')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
This matches CPython and prevents getting stuck in REPL continuation when a
1-quote is unmatched.
Before this patch, when using the switch statement for dispatch in the VM
(not computed goto) a pending exception check was done after each opcode.
This is not necessary and this patch makes the pending exception check only
happen when explicitly requested by certain opcodes, like jump. This
improves performance of the VM by about 2.5% when using the switch.
This patch fixes the macro so you can pass any name in, and the macro will
make more sense if you're reading it on its own. It worked previously
because n_state is always passed in as n_state_out_var.
gcc 8.0 supports the naked attribute for x86 systems so it can now be used
here. And in fact it is necessary to use this for nlr_push because gcc 8.0
no longer generates a prelude for this function (even without the naked
attribute).
This patch moves the start of the root pointer section in mp_state_ctx_t
so that it skips entries that are not pointers and don't need scanning.
Previously, the start of the root pointer section was at the very beginning
of the mp_state_ctx_t struct (which is the beginning of mp_state_thread_t).
This was the original assembler version of the NLR code was hard-coded to
have the nlr_top pointer at the start of this state structure. But now
that the NLR code is partially written in C there is no longer this
restriction on the location of nlr_top (and a comment to this effect has
been removed in this patch).
So now the root pointer section starts part way through the
mp_state_thread_t structure, after the entries which are not root pointers.
This patch also moves the non-pointer entries for MICROPY_ENABLE_SCHEDULER
outside the root pointer section.
Moving non-pointer entries out of the root pointer section helps to make
the GC more precise and should help to prevent some cases of collectable
garbage being kept.
This patch also has a measurable improvement in performance of the
pystone.py benchmark: on unix x86-64 and stm32 there was an improvement of
roughly 0.6% (tested with both gcc 7.3 and gcc 8.1).
This patch changes 2 things in the endianness detection:
1. Don't assume that __BYTE_ORDER__ not being __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ means
that the machine is big endian, so add an explicit check that this macro
is indeed __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ (same with __BYTE_ORDER, __LITTLE_ENDIAN
and __BIG_ENDIAN). A machine could have PDP endianness.
2. Remove the checks which base their autodetection decision on whether any
little or big endian macros are defined (eg __LITTLE_ENDIAN__ or
__BIG_ENDIAN__). Just because a system defines these does not mean it
has that endianness.
See issue #3760.
For cases where size_t is smaller than mp_int_t (eg nan-boxing builds) the
difference between two size_t's is not sign extended into mp_int_t and so
the result is never negative. This patch fixes this bug by using ssize_t
for the type of the result.
This gives dir() better behaviour when listing the attributes of a user
type that defines __getattr__: it will now not list those attributes for
which __getattr__ raises AttributeError (meaning the attribute is not
supported by the object).
This patch fixes the possibility of a crash of the REPL when tab-completing
an object which raises an exception when its attributes are accessed.
See issue #3729.
This new helper function acts like mp_load_method_maybe but is wrapped in
an NLR handler so it can catch exceptions. It prevents AttributeError from
propagating out, and optionally all other exceptions. This helper can be
used to fully implement hasattr (see follow-up commit), and also for cases
where mp_load_method_maybe is used but it must now raise an exception.
the py/makeversionhdr.py script was looking for `conf.py` in the
`docs/` directory, but this was relocated in 46e7f8e. This is used by
the fallback `get_version_info_from_docs_conf` method, which is only
consulted if `git` is unavailable in the build environment.
Closes#791.
This is a more consistent use of errno codes. For example, it may be that
a stream returns MP_EAGAIN but the mp_is_nonblocking_error() macro doesn't
catch this value because it checks for EAGAIN instead (which may have a
different value than MP_EAGAIN when MICROPY_USE_INTERNAL_ERRNO is enabled).
Most modern systems have EWOULDBLOCK aliased to EAGAIN, ie they have the
same value. But some systems use different values for these errnos and if
a uPy port is using the system errno values (ie not the internal uPy
values) then it's important to be able to distinguish EWOULDBLOCK from
EAGAIN. Eg if a system call returned EWOULDBLOCK it must be possible to
check for this return value, and this patch makes this now possible.
Instead of emitnative.c having configuration code for each supported
architecture, and then compiling this file multiple times with different
macros defined, this patch adds a file per architecture with the necessary
code to configure the native emitter. These files then #include the
emitnative.c file.
This simplifies emitnative.c (which is already very large), and simplifies
the build system because emitnative.c no longer needs special handling for
compilation and qstr extraction.
This patch moves the implementation of stream closure from a dedicated
method to the ioctl of the stream protocol, for each type that implements
closing. The benefits of this are:
1. Rounds out the stream ioctl function, which already includes flush,
seek and poll (among other things).
2. Makes calling mp_stream_close() on an object slightly more efficient
because it now no longer needs to lookup the close method and call it,
rather it just delegates straight to the ioctl function (if it exists).
3. Reduces code size and allows future types that implement the stream
protocol to be smaller because they don't need a dedicated close method.
Code size reduction is around 200 bytes smaller for x86 archs and around
30 bytes smaller for the bare-metal archs.
The LHS passed to mp_obj_int_binary_op() will always be an integer, either
a small int or a big int, so the test for this type doesn't need to include
an "other, unsupported type" case.
Without the compiler enabled the mp_optimise_value is unused, and the
micropython.opt_level() function is not useful, so exclude these from the
build to save RAM and code size.
When pystack is enabled mp_obj_fun_bc_prepare_codestate() will always
return a valid pointer, and if there is no more pystack available then it
will raise an exception (a RuntimeError). So having pystack enabled with
stackless enabled automatically gives strict stackless mode. There is
therefore no need to have code for strict stackless mode when pystack is
enabled, and this patch optimises the VM for such a case.
The VM expects that, if mp_resume() returns MP_VM_RETURN_EXCEPTION, then
the returned value is an exception instance (eg to add a traceback to it).
It's possible that a value passed to a generator's throw() is not an
exception so must be explicitly checked for if the thrown value is not
intercepted by the generator.
Thanks to @jepler for finding the bug.
Prior to this patch the code would crash if a key in a ** dict was anything
other than a str or qstr. This is because mp_setup_code_state() assumes
that keys in kwargs are qstrs (for efficiency).
Thanks to @jepler for finding the bug.
micropython: ../../py/objtype.c:1100: super_attr: Assertion `MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(self->type, &mp_type_type)' failed.
e.g., when making calls like
super(1, 1).x
Fixes the following assertion failures when the arguments to type()
were not of valid types:
micropython: ../../py/objtype.c:984: mp_obj_new_type: Assertion `MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(bases_tuple, &mp_type_tuple)' failed.
micropython: ../../py/objtype.c:994: mp_obj_new_type: Assertion `MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(items[i], &mp_type_type)' failed.
e.g., when making calls like
type("", (), 3)
type("", 3, {})
.. defaulting to off for circuitpython-supported boards, on for others.
.. fixing up the tests that fail when it is turned off, so that they skip
instead of failing
By using pre-compiled regexs, using startswith(), and explicitly checking
for empty lines (of which around 30% of the input lines are), automatic
qstr extraction is speed up by about 10%.
All callers of mp_obj_int_formatted() are expected to pass in a valid int
object, and they do:
- mp_obj_int_print() should always pass through an int object because it is
the print special method for int instances.
- mp_print_mp_int() checks that the argument is an int, and if not converts
it to a small int.
This patch saves around 20-50 bytes of code space.
Prior to this patch, some architectures (eg unix x86) could render floats
with "negative" digits, like ")". For example, '%.23e' % 1e-80 would come
out as "1.0000000000000000/)/(,*0e-80". This patch fixes the known cases.
Prior to this patch, some architectures (eg unix x86) could render floats
with a ":" character in them, eg 1e+39 would come out as ":e+38" (":" is
just after "9" in ASCII so this is like 10e+38). This patch fixes some of
these cases.
Prior to this patch the %f formatting of some FP values could be off by up
to 1, eg '%.0f' % 123 would return "122" (unix x64). Depending on the FP
precision (single vs double) certain numbers would format correctly, but
others wolud not. This patch should fix all cases of rounding for %f.
There's no need to have MP_OBJ_NULL a special case, the code can re-use
the MP_OBJ_STOP_ITERATION value to signal the special case and the VM can
detect this with only one check (for MP_OBJ_STOP_ITERATION).
This patch concerns the handling of an NLR-raised StopIteration, raised
during a call to mp_resume() which is handling the yield from opcode.
Previously, commit 6738c1dded introduced code
to handle this case, along with a test. It seems that it was lucky that
the test worked because the code did not correctly handle the stack pointer
(sp).
Furthermore, commit 79d996a57b improved the
way mp_resume() propagated certain exceptions: it changed raising an NLR
value to returning MP_VM_RETURN_EXCEPTION. This change meant that the
test introduced in gen_yield_from_ducktype.py was no longer hitting the
code introduced in 6738c1dded.
The patch here does two things:
1. Fixes the handling of sp in the VM for the case that yield from is
interrupted by a StopIteration raised via NLR.
2. Introduces a new test to check this handling of sp and re-covers the
code in the VM.
This path for src->deg==NULL is never used because mpz_clone() is always
called with an argument that has a non-zero integer value, and hence has
some digits allocated to it (mpz_clone() is a static function private to
mpz.c all callers of this function first check if the integer value is zero
and if so take a special-case path, bypassing the call to mpz_clone()).
There is some unused and commented-out functions that may actually pass a
zero-valued mpz to mpz_clone(), so some TODOs are added to these function
in case they are needed in the future.
All callers of the asm entry function guarantee that num_locals>=0, so no
need to add an explicit check for it. Use an assertion instead.
Also, the signature of asm_x86_entry is changed to match the other asm
entry functions.
If a port only needs the core files then it can now use the $(PY_CORE_O)
variable instead of $(PY_O). $(PY_EXTMOD_O) contains the list of extmod
files (including some files from lib/). $(PY_O) retains its original
definition as the list of all object file (including those for frozen code)
and is a convenience variable for ports that want everything.
Saves a few bytes of code space, and is more efficient because with
MICROPY_GC_CONSERVATIVE_CLEAR enabled by default all memory is already
cleared when allocated.
Otherwise passing -1 as maxlen will lead to a zero allocation and
subsequent unbound buffer overflow in deque.append() because i_put is
allowed to grow without bound.
So far, implements just append() and popleft() methods, required for
a normal queue. Constructor doesn't accept an arbitarry sequence to
initialize from (am empty deque is always created), so an empty tuple
must be passed as such. Only fixed-size deques are supported, so 2nd
argument (size) is required.
There's also an extension to CPython - if True is passed as 3rd argument,
append(), instead of silently overwriting the oldest item on queue
overflow, will throw IndexError. This behavior is desired in many
cases, where queues should store information reliably, instead of
silently losing some items.
The micropython.stack_use() function is useful to query the current C stack
usage, and it's inclusion in the micropython module doesn't need to be tied
to the inclusion of mem_info()/qstr_info() because it doesn't rely on any
of the code from these functions. So this patch introduces the config
option MICROPY_PY_MICROPYTHON_STACK_USE which can be used to independently
control the inclusion of stack_use(). By default it is enabled if
MICROPY_PY_MICROPYTHON_MEM_INFO is enabled (thus not changing any of the
existing ports).
The new option is MICROPY_ENABLE_EXTERNAL_IMPORT and is enabled by default
so that the default behaviour is the same as before. With it disabled
import is only supported for built-in modules, not for external files nor
frozen modules. This allows to support targets that have no filesystem of
any kind and that only have access to pre-supplied built-in modules
implemented natively.
Prior to this patch uPy (on a 32-bit arch) would have severe issues when
calling bytes(-1): such a call would call vstr_init_len(vstr, -1) which
would then +1 on the len and call vstr_init(vstr, 0), which would then
round this up and allocate a small amount of memory for the vstr. The
bytes constructor would then attempt to zero out all this memory, thinking
it had allocated 2^32-1 bytes.
This patch changes the way REPL autocomplete finds matches. It now probes
the target object for all qstrs via mp_load_method_maybe to look for a
match with the given input string. Similar to how the builtin dir()
function works, this new algorithm now find all methods and instances of
user-defined classes including attributes of their parent classes. This
helps a lot at the REPL prompt for user-discovery and to autocomplete names
even for classes that are derived.
The downside is that this new algorithm is slower than the previous one,
and in particular will be slower the more qstrs there are in the system.
But because REPL autocomplete is primarily used in an interactive way it is
not that important to make it fast, as long as it is "fast enough" compared
to human reaction.
On a slow microcontroller (CPU running at 16MHz) the autocomplete time for
a list of 35 names in the outer namespace (pressing tab at a bare prompt)
takes about 160ms with this algorithm, compared to about 40ms for the
previous implementation (this time includes the actual printing of the
names as well). This time of 160ms is very reasonable especially given the
new functionality of listing all the names.
This patch also decreases code size by:
bare-arm: +0
minimal x86: -128
unix x64: -128
unix nanbox: -224
stm32: -88
cc3200: -80
esp8266: -92
esp32: -84
This patch improves the builtin dir() function by probing the target object
with all possible qstrs via mp_load_method_maybe. This is very simple (in
terms of implementation), doesn't require recursion, and allows to list all
methods of user-defined classes (without duplicates) even if they have
multiple inheritance with a common parent. The downside is that it can be
slow because it has to iterate through all the qstrs in the system, but
the "dir()" function is anyway mostly used for testing frameworks and user
introspection of types, so speed is not considered a priority.
In addition to providing a more complete implementation of dir(), this
patch is simpler than the previous implementation and saves some code
space:
bare-arm: -80
minimal x86: -80
unix x64: -56
unix nanbox: -48
stm32: -80
cc3200: -80
esp8266: -104
esp32: -64
This macro is written out explicitly in the two locations that it is used
and then the code is optimised, opening possibilities for further
optimisations and reducing code size:
unix: -48
minimal CROSS=1: -32
stm32: -32
Using the message "maximum recursion depth exceeded" for when the pystack
runs out of memory can be misleading because the pystack can run out for
reasons other than deep recursion (although in most cases pystack
exhaustion is probably indirectly related to deep recursion). And it's
important to give the user more precise feedback as to the reason for the
error: if they know precisely that the pystack was exhausted then they have
a chance to increase the amount of memory available to the pystack (as
opposed to not knowing if it was the C stack or pystack that ran out).
Also, C stack exhaustion is more serious than pystack exhaustion because it
could have been that the C stack overflowed and overwrote/corrupted some
data and so the system must be restarted. The pystack can never corrupt
data in this way so pystack exhaustion does not require a system restart.
Knowing the difference between these two cases is therefore important.
The actual exception type for pystack exhaustion remains as RuntimeError so
that programatically it behaves the same as a C stack exhaustion.
By adding __builtin_unreachable() at the end of nlr_push, we're
essentially telling the compiler that this function will never return.
When GCC LTO is in use, this means that any time nlr_push() is called
(which is often), the compiler thinks this function will never return
and thus eliminates all code following the call.
Note: I've added a 'return 0' for older GCC versions like 4.6 which
complain about not returning anything (which doesn't make sense in a
naked function). Newer GCC versions (tested 4.8, 5.4 and some others)
don't complain about this.
This constant exception instance was once used by m_malloc_fail() to raise
a MemoryError without allocating memory, but it was made obsolete long ago
by 3556e45711. The functionality is now
replaced by the use of mp_emergency_exception_obj which lives in the global
uPy state, and which can handle any exception type, not just MemoryError.
This feature is not often used so is guarded by the config option
MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_RANGE_BINOP which is disabled by default. With this
option disabled MicroPython will always return false when comparing two
range objects for equality (unless they are exactly the same object
instance). This does not match CPython so if (in)equality between range
objects is needed then this option should be enabled.
Enabling this option costs between 100 and 200 bytes of code space
depending on the machine architecture.
This patch provides inline versions of the utf8 helper functions for the
case when unicode is disabled (MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_STR_UNICODE set to 0).
This saves code size.
The unichar_charlen function is also renamed to utf8_charlen to match the
other utf8 helper functions, and the signature of this function is adjusted
for consistency (const char* -> const byte*, mp_uint_t -> size_t).
Prior to this patch, a float literal that was close to subnormal would
have a loss of precision when parsed. The worst case was something like
float('10000000000000000000e-326') which returned 0.0.
This patch simplifies how sentinel values are stored on the stack when
doing an unwind return or jump. Instead of storing two values on the stack
for an unwind jump it now stores only one: a negative small integer means
unwind-return and a non-negative small integer means unwind-jump with the
value being the number of exceptions to unwind. The savings in code size
are:
bare-arm: -56
minimal x86: -68
unix x64: -80
unix nanbox: -4
stm32: -56
cc3200: -64
esp8266: -76
esp32: -156
The array should be of type unsigned byte because that is the type of the
values being stored. And changing to uint8_t helps to prevent warnings
from some static analysers.
Note that the check for elem!=NULL is removed for the
MP_MAP_LOOKUP_ADD_IF_NOT_FOUND case because mp_map_lookup will always
return non-NULL for such a case.
This patch combines the compiler optimisation code for double and triple
tuple-to-tuple assignment, taking it from two separate if-blocks to one
combined if-block. This can be done because the code for both of these
optimisations has a lot in common. Combining them together reduces code
size for ports that have the triple-tuple optimisation enabled (and doesn't
change code size for ports that have it disabled).
The parser attempts to allocate two large (~512 byte) chunks up
front. If it couldn't, then it would error out. This change will
cause it to try allocating half the previous attempt until its down
to two copies. This is ok upfront because later code checks bounds
and tries to extend the allocation if needed.
This adapts the allocation process to start from either end of the heap
when searching for free space. The default behavior is identical to the
existing behavior where it starts with the lowest block and looks higher.
Now it can also look from the highest block and lower depending on the
long_lived parameter to gc_alloc. As the heap fills, the two sections may
overlap. When they overlap, a collect may be triggered in order to keep
the long lived section compact. However, free space is always eligable
for each type of allocation.
By starting from either of the end of the heap we have ability to separate
short lived objects from long lived ones. This separation reduces heap
fragmentation because long lived objects are easy to densely pack.
Most objects are short lived initially but may be made long lived when
they are referenced by a type or module. This involves copying the
memory and then letting the collect phase free the old portion.
QSTR pools and chunks are always long lived because they are never freed.
The reallocation, collection and free processes are largely unchanged. They
simply also maintain an index to the highest free block as well as the lowest.
These indices are used to speed up the allocation search until the next collect.
In practice, this change may slightly slow down import statements with the
benefit that memory is much less fragmented afterwards. For example, a test
import into a 20k heap that leaves ~6k free previously had the largest
continuous free space of ~400 bytes. After this change, the largest continuous
free space is over 3400 bytes.
The number of registers used should be 10, not 12, to match the assembly
code in nlrx64.c. With this change the 64bit mingw builds don't need to
use the setjmp implementation, and this fixes miscellaneous crashes and
assertion failures as reported in #1751 for instance.
To avoid mistakes in the future where something gcc-related for Windows
only gets fixed for one particular compiler/environment combination,
make use of a MICROPY_NLR_OS_WINDOWS macro.
To make sure everything nlr-related is now ok when built with gcc this
has been verified with:
- unix port built with gcc on Cygwin (i686-pc-cygwin-gcc and
x86_64-pc-cygwin-gcc, version 6.4.0)
- windows port built with mingw-w64's gcc from Cygwin
(i686-w64-mingw32-gcc and x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc, version 6.4.0)
and MSYS2 (like the ones on Cygwin but version 7.2.0)
There are two checks that are always false so can be converted to (negated)
assertions to save code space and execution time. They are:
1. The check of the str parameter, which is required to be non-NULL as per
the original comment that it has enough space in it as calculated by
mp_int_format_size. And for all uses of this function str is indeed
non-NULL.
2. The check of the base parameter, which is already required to be between
2 and 16 (inclusive) via the assertion in mp_int_format_size.
The motivation behind this patch is to remove unreachable code in mpn_div.
This unreachable code was added some time ago in
9a21d2e070, when a loop in mpn_div was copied
and adjusted to work when mpz_dig_t was exactly half of the size of
mpz_dbl_dig_t (a common case). The loop was copied correctly but it wasn't
noticed at the time that the final part of the calculation of num-quo*den
could be optimised, and hence unreachable code was left for a case that
never occurred.
The observation for the optimisation is that the initial value of quo in
mpn_div is either exact or too large (never too small), and therefore the
subtraction of quo*den from num may subtract exactly enough or too much
(but never too little). Using this observation the part of the algorithm
that handles the borrow value can be simplified, and most importantly this
eliminates the unreachable code.
The new code has been tested with DIG_SIZE=3 and DIG_SIZE=4 by dividing all
possible combinations of non-negative integers with between 0 and 3
(inclusive) mpz digits.
Empty __VA_ARGS__ are not allowed in the C preprocessor so adjust the rule
arg offset calculation to not use them. Also, some compilers (eg MSVC)
require an extra layer of macro expansion.
This is the sixth and final patch in a series of patches to the parser that
aims to reduce code size by compressing the data corresponding to the rules
of the grammar.
Prior to this set of patches the rules were stored as rule_t structs with
rule_id, act and arg members. And then there was a big table of pointers
which allowed to lookup the address of a rule_t struct given the id of that
rule.
The changes that have been made are:
- Breaking up of the rule_t struct into individual components, with each
component in a separate array.
- Removal of the rule_id part of the struct because it's not needed.
- Put all the rule arg data in a big array.
- Change the table of pointers to rules to a table of offsets within the
array of rule arg data.
The last point is what is done in this patch here and brings about the
biggest decreases in code size, because an array of pointers is now an
array of bytes.
Code size changes for the six patches combined is:
bare-arm: -644
minimal x86: -1856
unix x64: -5408
unix nanbox: -2080
stm32: -720
esp8266: -812
cc3200: -712
For the change in parser performance: it was measured on pyboard that these
six patches combined gave an increase in script parse time of about 0.4%.
This is due to the slightly more complicated way of looking up the data for
a rule (since the 9th bit of the offset into the rule arg data table is
calculated with an if statement). This is an acceptable increase in parse
time considering that parsing is only done once per script (if compiled on
the target).
Instead of each rule being stored in ROM as a struct with rule_id, act and
arg, the act and arg parts are now in separate arrays and the rule_id part
is removed because it's not needed. This reduces code size, by roughly one
byte per grammar rule, around 150 bytes.
The rule name is only used for debugging, and this patch makes things a bit
cleaner by completely separating out the rule name from the rest of the
rule data.
Each NLR implementation (Thumb, x86, x64, xtensa, setjmp) duplicates a lot
of the NLR code, specifically that dealing with pushing and popping the NLR
pointer to maintain the linked-list of NLR buffers. This patch factors all
of that code out of the specific implementations into generic functions in
nlr.c, along with a helper macro in nlr.h. This eliminates duplicated
code.
If MICROPY_NLR_SETJMP is not enabled and the machine is auto-detected then
nlr.h now defines some convenience macros for the individual NLR
implementations to use (eg MICROPY_NLR_THUMB). This keeps nlr.h and the
implementation in sync, and also makes the nlr_buf_t struct easier to read.
A function with a naked attribute must only contain basic inline asm
statements and no C code.
For nlr_push this means removing the "return 0" statement. But for some
gcc versions this induces a compiler warning so the __builtin_unreachable()
line needs to be added.
For nlr_jump, this function contains a combination of C code and inline asm
so cannot be naked.
This reverts commit 6a3a742a6c.
The above commit has number of faults starting from the motivation down
to the actual implementation.
1. Faulty implementation.
The original code contained functions like:
NORETURN void nlr_jump(void *val) {
nlr_buf_t **top_ptr = &MP_STATE_THREAD(nlr_top);
nlr_buf_t *top = *top_ptr;
...
__asm volatile (
"mov %0, %%edx \n" // %edx points to nlr_buf
"mov 28(%%edx), %%esi \n" // load saved %esi
"mov 24(%%edx), %%edi \n" // load saved %edi
"mov 20(%%edx), %%ebx \n" // load saved %ebx
"mov 16(%%edx), %%esp \n" // load saved %esp
"mov 12(%%edx), %%ebp \n" // load saved %ebp
"mov 8(%%edx), %%eax \n" // load saved %eip
"mov %%eax, (%%esp) \n" // store saved %eip to stack
"xor %%eax, %%eax \n" // clear return register
"inc %%al \n" // increase to make 1, non-local return
"ret \n" // return
: // output operands
: "r"(top) // input operands
: // clobbered registers
);
}
Which clearly stated that C-level variable should be a parameter of the
assembly, whcih then moved it into correct register.
Whereas now it's:
NORETURN void nlr_jump_tail(nlr_buf_t *top) {
(void)top;
__asm volatile (
"mov 28(%edx), %esi \n" // load saved %esi
"mov 24(%edx), %edi \n" // load saved %edi
"mov 20(%edx), %ebx \n" // load saved %ebx
"mov 16(%edx), %esp \n" // load saved %esp
"mov 12(%edx), %ebp \n" // load saved %ebp
"mov 8(%edx), %eax \n" // load saved %eip
"mov %eax, (%esp) \n" // store saved %eip to stack
"xor %eax, %eax \n" // clear return register
"inc %al \n" // increase to make 1, non-local return
"ret \n" // return
);
for (;;); // needed to silence compiler warning
}
Which just tries to perform operations on a completely random register (edx
in this case). The outcome is the expected: saving the pure random luck of
the compiler putting the right value in the random register above, there's
a crash.
2. Non-critical assessment.
The original commit message says "There is a small overhead introduced
(typically 1 machine instruction)". That machine instruction is a call
if a compiler doesn't perform tail optimization (happens regularly), and
it's 1 instruction only with the broken code shown above, fixing it
requires adding more. With inefficiencies already presented in the NLR
code, the overhead becomes "considerable" (several times more than 1%),
not "small".
The commit message also says "This eliminates duplicated code.". An
obvious way to eliminate duplication would be to factor out common code
to macros, not introduce overhead and breakage like above.
3. Faulty motivation.
All this started with a report of warnings/errors happening for a niche
compiler. It could have been solved in one the direct ways: a) fixing it
just for affected compiler(s); b) rewriting it in proper assembly (like
it was before BTW); c) by not doing anything at all, MICROPY_NLR_SETJMP
exists exactly to address minor-impact cases like thar (where a) or b) are
not applicable). Instead, a backwards "solution" was put forward, leading
to all the issues above.
The best action thus appears to be revert and rework, not trying to work
around what went haywire in the first place.
Each NLR implementation (Thumb, x86, x64, xtensa, setjmp) duplicates a lot
of the NLR code, specifically that dealing with pushing and popping the NLR
pointer to maintain the linked-list of NLR buffers. This patch factors all
of that code out of the specific implementations into generic functions in
nlr.c. This eliminates duplicated code.
The factoring also allows to make the machine-specific NLR code pure
assembler code, thus allowing nlrthumb.c to use naked function attributes
in the correct way (naked functions can only have basic inline assembler
code in them).
There is a small overhead introduced (typically 1 machine instruction)
because now the generic nlr_jump() must call nlr_jump_tail() rather than
them being one combined function.
set_equal is called only from set_binary_op, and this guarantees that the
second arg to set_equal is always a set or frozenset. So there is no need
to do a further check.
This implements .pend_throw(exc) method, which sets up an exception to be
triggered on the next call to generator's .__next__() or .send() method.
This is unlike .throw(), which immediately starts to execute the generator
to process the exception. This effectively adds Future-like capabilities
to generator protocol (exception will be raised in the future).
The need for such a method arised to implement uasyncio wait_for() function
efficiently (its behavior is clearly "Future" like, and normally would
require to introduce an expensive Future wrapper around all native
couroutines, like upstream asyncio does).
py/objgenerator: pend_throw: Return previous pended value.
This effectively allows to store an additional value (not necessary an
exception) in a coroutine while it's not being executed. uasyncio has
exactly this usecase: to mark a coro waiting in I/O queue (and thus
not executed in the normal scheduling queue), for the purpose of
implementing wait_for() function (cancellation of such waiting coro
by a timeout).
Some compilers can treat enum types as signed, in which case 3 bits is not
enough to encode all mp_raw_code_kind_t values. So change the type to
mp_uint_t.
This is a bit of a clumsy way of doing it but solves the issue of __init__
not running when a module is imported via its weak-link name. Ideally a
better solution would be found.
Before this patch, if a user defined the __new__() function for a class
then two instances of that class would be created: once before __new__ is
called and once during the __new__ call (assuming the user creates some
instance, eg using super().__new__, which is most of the time). The first
one was then discarded. This refactor makes it so that a new instance is
only created if the user __new__ function doesn't exist.
This patch cleans up and generalises part of the code which handles
overriding and calling a native base-class's __init__ method. It defers
the call to the native make_new() function until after the user (Python)
__init__() method has run. That user method now has the chance to call the
native __init__/make_new and pass it different arguments. If the user
doesn't call the super().__init__ method then it will be called
automatically after the user code finishes, to finalise construction of the
instance.
The nan-boxing representation has an extra 16-bits of space to store
small-int values, and making use of it allows to create and manipulate full
32-bit positive integers (ie up to 0xffffffff) without using the heap.
This patch introduces the MICROPY_ENABLE_PYSTACK option (disabled by
default) which enables a "Python stack" that allows to allocate and free
memory in a scoped, or Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) way, similar to alloca().
A new memory allocation API is introduced along with this Py-stack. It
includes both "local" and "nonlocal" LIFO allocation. Local allocation is
intended to be equivalent to using alloca(), whereby the same function must
free the memory. Nonlocal allocation is where another function may free
the memory, so long as it's still LIFO.
Follow-up patches will convert all uses of alloca() and VLA to the new
scoped allocation API. The old behaviour (using alloca()) will still be
available, but when MICROPY_ENABLE_PYSTACK is enabled then alloca() is no
longer required or used.
The benefits of enabling this option are (or will be once subsequent
patches are made to convert alloca()/VLA):
- Toolchains without alloca() can use this feature to obtain correct and
efficient scoped memory allocation (compared to using the heap instead
of alloca(), which is slower).
- Even if alloca() is available, enabling the Py-stack gives slightly more
efficient use of stack space when calling nested Python functions, due to
the way that compilers implement alloca().
- Enabling the Py-stack with the stackless mode allows for even more
efficient stack usage, as well as retaining high performance (because the
heap is no longer used to build and destroy stackless code states).
- With Py-stack and stackless enabled, Python-calling-Python is no longer
recursive in the C mp_execute_bytecode function.
The micropython.pystack_use() function is included to measure usage of the
Python stack.
This function was implemented as an experiment, and was enabled only in
unix port. To remind, it allows to access arbitrary files frozen as
source modules (vs bytecode).
However, further experimentation showed that the same functionality can
be implemented with frozen bytecode. The process requires more steps, but
with suitable toolset it doesn't matter patch. This process is:
1. Convert binary files into "Python resource module" with
tools/mpy_bin2res.py.
2. Freeze as the bytecode.
3. Use micropython-lib's pkg_resources.resource_stream() to access it.
In other words, the extra step is using tools/mpy_bin2res.py (because
there would be wrapper for uio.resource_stream() anyway).
Going frozen bytecode route allows more flexibility, and same/additional
efficiency:
1. Frozen source support can be disabled altogether for additional code
savings.
2. Resources could be also accessed as a buffer, not just as a stream.
There're few caveats too:
1. It wasn't actually profiled the overhead of storing a resource in
"Python resource module" vs storing it directly, but it's assumed that
overhead is small.
2. The "efficiency" claim above applies to the case when resource
file is frozen as the bytecode. If it's not, it actually will take a
lot of RAM on loading. But in this case, the resource file should not
be used (i.e. generated) in the first place, and micropython-lib's
pkg_resources.resource_stream() implementation has the appropriate
fallback to read the raw files instead. This still poses some distribution
issues, e.g. to deployable to baremetal ports (which almost certainly
would require freezeing as the bytecode), a distribution package should
include the resource module. But for non-freezing deployment, presense
of resource module will lead to memory inefficiency.
All the discussion above reminds why uio.resource_stream() was implemented
in the first place - to address some of the issues above. However, since
then, frozen bytecode approach seems to prevail, so, while there're still
some issues to address with it, this change is being made.
This change saves 488 bytes for the unix x86_64 port.
This target removes any stray files (i.e. something not committed to git)
from scripts/ and modules/ dirs (or whatever FROZEN_DIR and FROZEN_MPY_DIR
is set to).
The expected workflow is:
1. make clean-frozen
2. micropython -m upip -p modules <packages_to_freeze>
3. make
As it can be expected that people may drop random thing in those dirs which
they can miss later, the content is actually backed up before cleaning.
This is second part of fun_bc_call() vs mp_obj_fun_bc_prepare_codestate()
common code refactor. This factors out code to initialize codestate
object. After this patch, mp_obj_fun_bc_prepare_codestate() is effectively
DECODE_CODESTATE_SIZE() followed by allocation followed by
INIT_CODESTATE(), and fun_bc_call() starts with that too.
fun_bc_call() starts with almost the same code as
mp_obj_fun_bc_prepare_codestate(), the only difference is a way to
allocate the codestate object (heap vs stack with heap fallback).
Still, would be nice to avoid code duplication to make further
refactoring easier.
So, this commit factors out the common code before the allocation -
decoding and calculating codestate size. It produces two values,
so structured as a macro which writes to 2 variables passed as
arguments.
The assembler back-end for most architectures needs to know if a jump is
backwards in order to emit optimised machine code, and they do this by
checking if the destination label has been set or not. So always reset
label offsets to -1 (this reverts partially the previous commit, with some
minor optimisation for the if-logic with the pass variable).
Clearing the labels to -1 is purely a debugging measure. For release
builds there is no need to do it as the label offset table should always
have the correct value assigned.
Accessing them will crash immediately instead still working for some time,
until overwritten by some other data, leading to much less deterministic
crashes.
This is mostly a workaround for forceful rebuilding of mpy-cross on every
codebase change. If this file has debug logging enabled (by patching),
mpy-cross build failed.
Before that, the output was truncated to 32 bits. Only "%x" format is
handled, because a typical use is for addresses.
This refactor actually decreased x86_64 code size by 30 bytes.
This allows the function to raise an exception when unknown keyword args
are passed in. This patch also reduces code size by (in bytes):
bare-arm: -24
minimal x86: -76
unix x64: -56
unix nanbox: -84
stm32: -40
esp8266: -68
cc3200: -48
Furthermore, this patch adds space (" ") to the set of ROM qstrs which
means it doesn't need to be put in RAM if it's ever used.
Return the result of called function. If exception happened, return
MP_OBJ_NULL. Allows to use mp_call_function_*_protected() with callbacks
returning values, etc.
This commit essentially reverts aa9dbb1b03
where this if-condition was added. It seems that even when that commit
was made the code was never reached by any tests, nor reachable by
analysis (see below). The same is true with the code as it currently
stands: no test triggers this if-condition, nor any uasyncio examples.
Analysing the flow of the program also shows that it's not reachable:
==START==
-> to trigger this if condition mp_execute_bytecode() must return
MP_VM_RETURN_YIELD with *sp==MP_OBJ_STOP_ITERATION
-> mp_execute_bytecode() can only return MP_VM_RETURN_YIELD from the
MP_BC_YIELD_VALUE bytecode, which can happen in 2 ways:
-> 1) from a "yield <x>" in bytecode, but <x> must always be a proper
object, never MP_OBJ_STOP_ITERATION; ==END1==
-> 2) via yield from, via mp_resume() which must return
MP_VM_RETURN_YIELD with ret_value==MP_OBJ_STOP_ITERATION, which
can happen in 3 ways:
-> 1) it delegates to mp_obj_gen_resume(); go back to ==START==
-> 2) it returns MP_VM_RETURN_YIELD directly but with a guard that
ret_val!=MP_OBJ_STOP_ITERATION; ==END2==
-> 3) it returns MP_VM_RETURN_YIELD with ret_val set from
mp_call_method_n_kw(), but mp_call_method_n_kw() must return a
proper object, never MP_OBJ_STOP_ITERATION; ==END3==
The above shows there is no way to trigger the if-condition and it can be
removed.
These checks are assumed to be true in all cases where gc_realloc is
called with a valid pointer, so no need to waste code space and time
checking them in a non-debug build.
So long as the input qstr identifier is valid (below the maximum number of
qstrs) the function will always return a valid pointer. This patch
eliminates the "return 0" dead-code.
This patch improves parsing of floating point numbers by converting all the
digits (integer and fractional) together into a number 1 or greater, and
then applying the correct power of 10 at the very end. In particular the
multiple "multiply by 0.1" operations to build a fraction are now combined
together and applied at the same time as the exponent, at the very end.
This helps to retain precision during parsing of floats, and also includes
a check that the number doesn't overflow during the parsing. One benefit
is that a float will have the same value no matter where the decimal point
is located, eg 1.23 == 123e-2.
Before this patch MP_BINARY_OP_IN had two meanings: coming from bytecode it
meant that the args needed to be swapped, but coming from within the
runtime meant that the args were already in the correct order. This lead
to some confusion in the code and comments stating how args were reversed.
It also lead to 2 bugs: 1) containment for a subclass of a native type
didn't work; 2) the expression "{True} in True" would illegally succeed and
return True. In both of these cases it was because the args to
MP_BINARY_OP_IN ended up being reversed twice.
To fix these things this patch introduces MP_BINARY_OP_CONTAINS which
corresponds exactly to the __contains__ special method, and this is the
operator that built-in types should implement. MP_BINARY_OP_IN is now only
emitted by the compiler and is converted to MP_BINARY_OP_CONTAINS by
swapping the arguments.
In mp_binary_op, there is no need to explicitly check for type->getiter
being non-null and raising an exception because this is handled exactly by
mp_getiter(). So just call the latter unconditionally.
This patch introduces a new compile-time config option to disable multiple
inheritance at the Python level: MICROPY_MULTIPLE_INHERITANCE. It is
enabled by default.
Disabling multiple inheritance eliminates a lot of recursion in the call
graph (which is important for some embedded systems), and can be used to
reduce code size for ports that are really constrained (by around 200 bytes
for Thumb2 archs).
With multiple inheritance disabled all tests in the test-suite pass except
those that explicitly test for multiple inheritance.
Also, fixed pin mappings for rev B Metro M4:
swap PA12 and PA13 on SPI 2x3 header
swap A3 and A5
Comment out all frozen modules in CPX again to make room while waiting
for SPI flash.
The function mp_obj_new_str_of_type is a general str object constructor
used in many places in the code to create either a str or bytes object.
When creating a str it should first check if the string data already exists
as an interned qstr, and if so then return the qstr object. This patch
makes the function have such behaviour, which helps to reduce heap usage by
reusing existing interned data where possible.
The old behaviour of mp_obj_new_str_of_type (which didn't check for
existing interned data) is made available through the function
mp_obj_new_str_copy, but should only be used in very special cases.
One consequence of this patch is that the following expression is now True:
'abc' is ' abc '.split()[0]
This patch simplifies the str creation API to favour the common case of
creating a str object that is not forced to be interned. To force
interning of a new str the new mp_obj_new_str_via_qstr function is added,
and should only be used if warranted.
Apart from simplifying the mp_obj_new_str function (and making it have the
same signature as mp_obj_new_bytes), this patch also reduces code size by a
bit (-16 bytes for bare-arm and roughly -40 bytes on the bare-metal archs).
Rationale:
* Calling Python build tool scripts from makefiles should be done
consistently using `python </path/to/script>`, instead of relying on the
correct she-bang line in the script [1] and the executable bit on the
script being set. This is more platform-independent.
* The name/path of the Python executable should always be used via the
makefile variable `PYTHON` set in `py/mkenv.mk`. This way it can be
easily overwritten by the user with `make PYTHON=/path/to/my/python`.
* The Python executable name should be part of the value of the makefile
variable, which stands for the build tool command (e.g. `MAKE_FROZEN` and
`MPY_TOOL`), not part of the command line where it is used. If a Python
tool is substituted by another (non-python) program, no change to the
Makefiles is necessary, except in `py/mkenv.mk`.
* This also solves #3369 and #1616.
[1] There are systems, where even the assumption that `/usr/bin/env` always
exists, doesn't hold true, for example on Android (where otherwise the unix
port compiles perfectly well).
All the asm macro names that convert a particular architecture to a generic
interface now follow the convention whereby the "destination" (usually a
register) is specified first.
Macros to convert big-endian values to host byte order and vice-versa.
These were defined in adhoc way for some ports (e.g. esp8266), allow
reuse, provide default implementations, while allow ports to override.
Introduction of ports subdirectory where all ports are moved to
The main change in this release is the introduction of a "ports/"
subdirectory at the top-level of the repository, and all of the ports are
moved here. In the process the "stmhal" port is renamed to "stm32" to
better reflect the MCU that it targets. In addition, the STM32 CMSIS and
HAL sources are moved to a new submodule called "stm32lib".
The bytecode has changed in this release, compared to the previous release,
and as a consequence the .mpy version number has increased to version 3.
This means that scripts compiled with the previous mpy-cross must be
recompiled to work with this new version.
There have also been various enhancements and optimisations, such as:
check for valid UTF-8 when creating str objects, support for reverse
special binary operations like __radd__, full domain checking in the math
module, support for floor-division and modulo in the viper emitter,
and addition of stack overflow checking when executing a regex.
The stm32 port sees improved support for F7 MCUs, addition of a new board
B_L475E_IOT01A based on the STM32L475, and support for the Wiznet W5500
chipset along with improved socket behaviour.
A detailed list of changes follows.
py core:
- objstr: startswith, endswith: check arg to be a string
- nlrx86,x64: replace #define of defined() with portable macro usage
- objtype: handle NotImplemented return from binary special methods
- objtype: mp_obj_class_lookup: improve debug logging
- map: remove unused new/free functions
- make m_malloc_fail() have void return type, since it doesn't return
- modstruct: in struct.pack, stop converting if there are no args left
- modstruct: check and prevent buffer-read overflow in struct unpacking
- modstruct: check and prevent buffer-write overflow in struct packing
- nlrthumb: get working again on standard Thumb arch (ie not Thumb2)
- objfloat: fix binary ops with incompatible objects
- obj: fix comparison of float/complex NaN with itself
- objtype: implement fallback for instance inplace special methods
- objtuple: properly implement comparison with incompatible types
- objstr: add check for valid UTF-8 when making a str from bytes
- objlist: properly implement comparison with incompatible types
- runtime0.h: move relational ops to the beginning of mp_binary_op_t
- runtime0.h: move MP_BINARY_OP_DIVMOD to the end of mp_binary_op_t
- objtype: make sure mp_binary_op_method_name has full size again
- runtime0.h: put inplace arith ops in front of normal operations
- builtinhelp: simplify code slightly by extracting object type
- runtime: implement dispatch for "reverse op" special methods
- nlrx86: fix building for Android/x86
- builtinhelp: change signature of help text var from pointer to array
- runtime.h: change empty mp_warning macro so var-args are non empty
- modbuiltins: implement abs() by dispatching to MP_UNARY_OP_ABS
- {objfloat,objcomplex}: optimise MP_UNARY_OP_ABS by reusing variables
- mpconfig.h: add note that using computed gotos in VM is not C99
- objstr: strip: don't strip "\0" by default
- objexcept: prevent infinite recursion when allocating exceptions
- stream: remove unnecessary checks for NULL return from vstr_add_len
- vstr: raise a RuntimeError if fixed vstr buffer overflows
- vm: use lowercase letter at start of exception message
- persistentcode: define mp_raw_code_save_file() for any unix target
- add config option to print warnings/errors to stderr
- objfloat: support raising a negative number to a fractional power
- objset: simplify set and frozenset by separating their locals dicts
- objset: check that RHS of a binary op is a set/frozenset
- objset: include the failed key in a KeyError raised from set.remove
- objtype: change type of enum-to-qstr table to uint16_t to save space
- objstr: make empty bytes object have a null-terminating byte
- mpprint: only check for null string printing when NDEBUG not defined
- objtype: clean up unary- and binary-op enum-to-qstr mapping tables
- persistentcode: bump .mpy version number to version 3
- bc: update opcode_format_table to match the bytecode
- modmath: add full checks for math domain errors
- modmath: convert log2 macro into a function
- formatfloat: don't print the negative sign of a NaN value
- formatfloat: use standard isinf, isnan funcs instead of custom ones
- modbuiltins: use existing utf8_get_char helper in builtin ord func
- emitnative: implement floor-division and modulo for viper emitter
- objtype: use CPython compatible method name for sizeof
- objtype: fit qstrs for special methods in byte type
- objtype: define all special methods if requested
- objtype: introduce MICROPY_PY_ALL_INPLACE_SPECIAL_METHODS
extmod:
- modubinascii: only include uzlib/tinf.h when it's really needed
- modussl_mbedtls: allow to compile with MBEDTLS_DEBUG_C disabled
- machine_pinbase: put PinBase singleton in ROM
- re1.5: upgrade to v0.8.2, adds hook for stack overflow checking
- modure: add stack overflow checking when executing a regex
- uos_dupterm: update uos.dupterm() and helper funcs to have index
- uos_dupterm: swallow any errors from dupterm closing the stream
- vfs: replace VLA in proxy func with small, static sized array
- modussl: add finaliser support for ussl objects
- modussl_mbedtls: allow to compile with unix coverage build
lib:
- add new submodule, stm32lib containing STM32 CMSIS and HAL source
- embed/abort_: use mp_raise_msg helper function
- libm: fix tanhf so that it correctly handles +/- infinity args
- libm: remove implementation of log2f, use MP_NEED_LOG2 instead
- axtls: update, support for SSL_EAGAIN return code
- berkeley-db-1.xx: update, allow to override MINCACHE, DEFPSIZE
drivers:
- memory/spiflash: change from hard-coded soft SPI to generic SPI
- display/ssd1306.py: improve performance of graphics methods
- nrf24l01: make nRF24L01 test script more portable
- display/ssd1306: implement SSD1306_I2C poweron method
- display/ssd1306: make poweron() work the same with SSD1306_SPI
- wiznet5k: improve the performance of socket ops with threading
- wiznet5k: get low-level W5500 driver working
tools:
- upip: upgrade to 1.2.2
- pyboard: use repr() when quoting data in error messages
- pyboard: update docstring for additional device support
tests:
- object_new: better messages, check user __new__() method
- class_new: add checks for __init__ being called and other improvements
- class_new: add another testcase for __new__/__init__ interaction
- class_inplace_op: test for inplace op fallback to normal one
- run-bench-tests: update locations of executables, now in ports/
- class_reverse_op: test for reverse arith ops special methods
- run-tests: skip class_inplace_op for minimal profile
- run-tests: fix copy-paste mistake in var name
- cpydiff: add cases for locals() discrepancies
- extmod: add test for ure regexes leading to infinite recursion
- extmod: add test for '-' in character class in regex
- run-tests: close device under test using "finally"
- net_inet: update tls test to work with CPython and incl new site
unix port:
- rename modsocket.c to modusocket.c
- modusocket: remove #if MICROPY_SOCKET_EXTRA code blocks
- enable MICROPY_PY_REVERSE_SPECIAL_METHODS
stm32 port:
- modmachine: make machine.bootloader() work when MPU is enabled
- modmachine: improve support for sleep/deepsleep on F7 MCUs
- compute PLL freq table during build instead of at run time
- modmachine: for F7 MCU, save power by reducing internal volt reg
- boards/pllvalues.py: make script work with both Python 2 and 3
- Makefile: use lib/stm32lib instead of local cmsis and hal files
- remove cmsis and hal files, they are now a submodule
- Makefile: automatically fetch stm32lib submodule if needed
- update to new STM Cube HAL library
- fix clock initialisation of L4 MCUs
- rename stmhal port directory to stm32
- remove unused usbd_msc.c file
- boards: change remaining stm32f4xx_hal_conf.h to unix line ending
- boards: change linker scripts to use "K" instead of hex byte size
- boards: fix I2C1 pin mapping on NUCLEO_F401RE/F411RE boards
- i2c: when scanning for I2C devices only do 1 probe per address
- modnwwiznet5k: release the GIL on blocking network operations
- boards: add new board B_L475E_IOT01A based on STM32L475
- make-stmconst.py: make sure mpz const data lives in ROM
- timer: make pyb.Timer() instances persistent
- mpconfigport.h: add configuration for max periphs on L4 series
- usbdev: make the USBD callback struct const so it can go in ROM
- usbdev: change static function variable to non-static
- usbdev: put all CDC state in a struct
- usbdev: put all HID state in a struct
- usbdev: simplify CDC tx/rx buffer passing
- usbdev: simplify HID tx/rx buffer passing
- usbdev/core: add state parameter to all callback functions
- usbdev: put all state for the USB device driver in a struct
- usbdev: simplify pointers to MSC state and block dev operations
- usbdev: merge all global USB device state into a single struct
- usbdev: make device descriptor callbacks take a state pointer
- usbdev: move all the USB device descriptor state into its struct
- timer: enable ARPE so that timer freq can be changed smoothly
- modnwwiznet5k: get the IP address of an established socket
- boards: fix typos in stm32f767_af.csv table
- usbd_cdc_interface: don't reset CDC output buf on initialisation
- modnwwiznet5k: implement WIZNET5K.isconnected() method
- modusocket: make getaddrinfo() work when passed an IP address
- modusocket: return OSError(-2) if getaddrinfo fails
- mpconfigport.h: add MICROPY_THREAD_YIELD() macro
- modnwwiznet5k: add support for W5500 Ethernet chip
- modnwwiznet5k: increase SPI bus speed to 42MHz
- modnwwiznet5k: implement stream ioctl for the Wiznet driver
- mphalport: improve efficiency of mp_hal_stdout_tx_strn_cooked
- make uos.dupterm() conform to specs by using extmod version
cc3200 port:
- enable micropython.kbd_intr() method
- use standard implementation of keyboard interrupt
esp8266 port:
- rename axtls_helpers.c to posix_helpers.c
- posix_helpers: set ENOMEM on memory alloc failure
- set DEFPSIZE=1024, MINCACHE=3 for "btree" module
- esp_mphal: send data in chunks to mp_uos_dupterm_tx_strn
- modnetwork: add "bssid" keyword arg to WLAN.connect() method
- modules/webrepl_setup: add info about allowed password length
zephyr port:
- Makefile: revamp "test" target after ports were moved to ports/
- use CONFIG_NET_APP_SETTINGS to setup initial network addresses
- switch to interrupt-driven pull-style console
pic16bit port:
- add definition of SEEK_SET to unistd.h
docs:
- pyboard/tutorial: add "timeout=0" to UART in pass-through example
- more xrefs to "MicroPython port" in glossary
- library/network: fix ref to "socket" module (should be "usocket")
- machine.Signal: improve style/grammar and add usage example
- library: add description of "index" parameter to uos.dupterm()
- library/micropython: fix typo in RST formatting
- library/framebuf.rst: generalise constructor to all colour formats
- btree: describe page caching policy of the underlying implementation
- esp8266/tutorial: update neopixel with example of using 4 bbp
- library/network: clarify usage of "bssid" arg in connect() method
- pyboard/quickref: add info for Switch, RTC, CAN, Accel classes
- pyboard/tutorial: update now that yellow LED also supports PWM
- esp8266/quickref: add quickref info for RTC class
- library: add missing cross-ref links for classes in pyb module
- library/network: update docs to state that W5500 is supported
- uselect: document one-shot polling mode
- usocket: elaborate descriptions
- usocket: document inet_ntop(), inet_pton()
- library/network: add dhcp_hostname parameter
- reference/isr_rules: minor typo correction
- ussl: fix module name refs and use "MicroPython port" term
- esp8266/general: add section on TLS limitations
- usocket: document that settimeout() isn't supported by all ports
- ure: add "|" (alternative) to the list of supported operators
- reference/isr_rules.rst: add tutorial on use of micropython.schedule()
travis:
- use --upgrade when pip is installing cpp-coveralls
- update build command now that stm32 Wiznet config has changed
examples:
- hwconfig_console: add .on()/.off() methods
all:
- convert mp_uint_t to mp_unary_op_t/mp_binary_op_t where appropriate
- convert remaining "mp_uint_t n_args" to "size_t n_args"
- make new ports/ sub-directory and move all ports there
- update Makefiles and others to build with new ports/ dir layout
- remove inclusion of internal py header files
- use NULL instead of "" when calling mp_raise exception helpers
README:
- update "Dependencies" section
- add explicit section on contributing
- add gcc and arm-none-eabi-newlib to list of required components
.gitattributes:
- remove obsolete entries for stmhal/hal, stmhal/cmsis
- add entries for files that will move to ports/ dir
The technique of using alloca is how dotted import names are composed in
mp_import_from and mp_builtin___import__, so use the same technique in the
compiler. This puts less pressure on the heap (only the stack is used if
the qstr already exists, and if it doesn't exist then the standard qstr
block memory is used for the new qstr rather than a separate chunk of the
heap) and reduces overall code size.
This reverts commit 3289b9b7a7.
The commit broke building on MINGW because the filename became
micropython.exe.exe. A proper solution to support more Windows build
environments requires more thought and testing.
Per the comment found here
https://github.com/micropython/micropython-esp32/issues/209#issuecomment-339855157,
this patch adds finaliser code to prevent memory leaks from ussl objects,
which is especially useful when memory for a ussl context is allocated
outside the uPy heap. This patch is in-line with the finaliser code found
in many modsocket implementations for various ports.
This feature is configured via MICROPY_PY_USSL_FINALISER and is disabled by
default because there may be issues using it when the ussl state *is*
allocated on the uPy heap, rather than externally.
This allows to configure support for inplace special methods separately,
similar to "normal" and reverse special methods. This is useful, because
inplace methods are "the most optional" ones, for example, if inplace
methods aren't defined, the operation will be executed using normal
methods instead.
As a caveat, __iadd__ and __isub__ are implemented even if
MICROPY_PY_ALL_INPLACE_SPECIAL_METHODS isn't defined. This is similar
to the state of affairs before binary operations refactor, and allows
to run existing tests even if MICROPY_PY_ALL_INPLACE_SPECIAL_METHODS
isn't defined.
If MICROPY_PY_ALL_SPECIAL_METHODS is defined, actually define all special
methods (still subject to gating by e.g. MICROPY_PY_REVERSE_SPECIAL_METHODS).
This adds quite a number of qstr's, so should be used sparingly.
Update makeqstrdata.py to sort strings starting with "__" to the beginning
of qstr list, so they get low qstr id's, guaranteedly fitting in 8 bits.
Then use this property to further compact op_id => qstr mapping arrays.
Per https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.getsizeof:
getsizeof() calls the object’s __sizeof__ method. Previously, "getsizeof"
was used mostly to save on new qstr, as we don't really support calling
this method on arbitrary objects (so it was used only for reporting).
However, normalize it all now.
Not all compilers/analysers are smart enough to realise that this function
is never called if MICROPY_ERROR_REPORTING is not TERSE, because the logic
in the code uses if statements rather than #if to select whether to call
this function or not (MSC in debug mode is an example of this, but there
are others). So just unconditionally compile this helper function. The
code-base anyway relies on the linker to remove unused functions.
The uos.dupterm() signature and behaviour is updated to reflect the latest
enhancements in the docs. It has minor backwards incompatibility in that
it no longer accepts zero arguments.
The dupterm_rx helper function is moved from esp8266 to extmod and
generalised to support multiple dupterm slots.
A port can specify multiple slots by defining the MICROPY_PY_OS_DUPTERM
config macro to an integer, being the number of slots it wants to have;
0 means to disable the dupterm feature altogether.
The unix and esp8266 ports are updated to work with the new interface and
are otherwise unchanged with respect to functionality.
So that a pointer to it can be passed as a pointer to math_generic_1. This
patch also makes the function work for single and double precision floating
point.
This patch changes how most of the plain math functions are implemented:
there are now two generic math wrapper functions that take a pointer to a
math function (like sin, cos) and perform the necessary conversion to and
from MicroPython types. This helps to reduce code size. The generic
functions can also check for math domain errors in a generic way, by
testing if the result is NaN or infinity combined with finite inputs.
The result is that, with this patch, all math functions now have full
domain error checking (even gamma and lgamma) and code size has decreased
for most ports. Code size changes in bytes for those with the math module
are:
unix x64: -432
unix nanbox: -792
stm32: -88
esp8266: +12
Tests are also added to check domain errors are handled correctly.
This saves a lot of RAM. Fixes#287.
Also fixed compilation of frozen_mpy.c to use supplied make rule rather than
builtin rule (supplied rule suppresses printing out the gcc command line).
Printing "(null)" when a NULL string pointer is passed to %s is a debugging
feature and not a feature that's relied upon by the code. So it only needs
to be compiled in when debugging (such as assert) is enabled, and saves
roughy 30 bytes of code when disabled.
This patch also fixes this NULL check to not do the check if the precision
is specified as zero.
Header files that are considered internal to the py core and should not
normally be included directly are:
py/nlr.h - internal nlr configuration and declarations
py/bc0.h - contains bytecode macro definitions
py/runtime0.h - contains basic runtime enums
Instead, the top-level header files to include are one of:
py/obj.h - includes runtime0.h and defines everything to use the
mp_obj_t type
py/runtime.h - includes mpstate.h and hence nlr.h, obj.h, runtime0.h,
and defines everything to use the general runtime support functions
Additional, specific headers (eg py/objlist.h) can be included if needed.
Qstr values fit in 16-bits (and this fact is used elsewhere in the code) so
no need to use more than that for the large lookup tables. The compiler
will anyway give a warning if the qstr values don't fit in 16 bits. Saves
around 80 bytes of code space for Thumb2 archs.
Building mpy-cross: this patch adds .exe to the PROG name when building
executables for host (eg mpy-cross) on Windows. make clean now removes
mpy-cross.exe under Windows.
Building MicroPython: this patch sets MPY_CROSS to mpy-cross.exe or
mpy-cross so they can coexist and use cygwin or WSL without rebuilding
mpy-cross. The dependency in the mpy rule now uses mpy-cross.exe for
Windows and mpy-cross for Linux.
CPython docs explicitly state that the RHS of a set/frozenset binary op
must be a set to prevent user errors. It also preserves commutativity of
the ops, eg: "abc" & set() is a TypeError, and so should be set() & "abc".
This change actually decreases unix (x64) code by 160 bytes; it increases
stm32 by 4 bytes and esp8266 by 28 bytes (but previous patch already
introduced a much large saving).
A lot of set's methods (the mutable ones) are not allowed to operate on a
frozenset, and giving frozenset a separate locals dict with only the
methods that it supports allows to simplify the logic that verifies if
args are a set or a frozenset. Even though the new frozenset locals dict
is relatively large (88 bytes on 32-bit archs) there is a much bigger
saving coming from the removal of a const string for an error message,
along with the removal of some checks for set or frozenset type.
Changes in code size due to this patch are (for ports that changed at all):
unix x64: -56
unix nanbox: -304
stm32: -64
esp8266: -124
cc3200: -40
Apart from the reduced code, frozenset now has better tab-completion
because it only lists the valid methods. And the error message for
accessing an invalid method is now more detailed (it includes the
method name that wasn't found).
This returns a complex number, following CPython behaviour. For ports that
don't have complex numbers enabled this will raise a ValueError which gives
a fail-safe for scripts that were written assuming complex numbers exist.
This adds a new configuration option to print runtime warnings and errors to
stderr. On Unix, CPython prints warnings and unhandled exceptions to stderr,
so the unix port here is configured to use this option.
The unix port already printed unhandled exceptions on the main thread to
stderr. This patch fixes unhandled exceptions on other threads and warnings
(issue #2838) not printing on stderr.
Additionally, a couple tests needed to be fixed to handle this new behavior.
This is done by also capturing stderr when running tests.
Current users of fixed vstr buffers (building file paths) assume that there
is no overflow and do not check for overflow after building the vstr. This
has the potential to lead to NULL pointer dereferences
(when vstr_null_terminated_str returns NULL because it can't allocate RAM
for the terminating byte) and stat'ing and loading invalid path names (due
to the path being truncated). The safest and simplest thing to do in these
cases is just raise an exception if a write goes beyond the end of a fixed
vstr buffer, which is what this patch does. It also simplifies the vstr
code.
The vstr argument to the calls to vstr_add_len are dynamically allocated
(ie fixed_buf=false) and so vstr_add_len will never return NULL. So
there's no need to check for it. Any out-of-memory errors are raised by
the call to m_renew in vstr_ensure_extra.
The aim of this patch is to rewrite the functions that create exception
instances (mp_obj_exception_make_new and mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg) so
that they do not call any functions that may raise an exception. Otherwise
it's possible to create infinite recursion with an exception being raised
while trying to create an exception object.
The two main things that are done to accomplish this are:
1. Change mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg to just format the string, then
call mp_obj_exception_make_new to actually create the exception object.
2. In mp_obj_exception_make_new and mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg try to
allocate all memory first using functions that don't raise exceptions
If any of the memory allocations fail (return NULL) then degrade
gracefully by trying other options for memory allocation, eg using the
emergency exception buffer.
3. Use a custom printer backend to conservatively format strings: if it
can't allocate memory then it just truncates the string.
As part of this rewrite, raising an exception without a message, like
KeyError(123), will now use the emergency buffer to store the arg and
traceback data if there is no heap memory available.
Memory use with this patch is unchanged. Code size is increased by:
bare-arm: +136
minimal x86: +124
unix x64: +72
unix nanbox: +96
stm32: +88
esp8266: +92
cc3200: +80
