This double-raise test could fail when task[0] raises and stops the gather
before task[1] raises, then task[1] is left to raise later on and spoil the
test.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This commit adds support to the parser so that tuples which contain only
constant elements (bool, int, str, bytes, etc) are immediately converted to
a tuple object. This makes it more efficient to use tuples containing
constant data because they no longer need to be created at runtime by the
bytecode (or native code).
Furthermore, with this improvement constant tuples that are part of frozen
code are now able to be stored fully in ROM (this will be implemented in
later commits).
Code size is increased by about 400 bytes on Cortex-M4 platforms.
See related issue #722.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This follows the CPython change: https://bugs.python.org/issue21455
Socket listen backlog defaults to 2 if not given, based on most bare metal
targets not having many resources for a large backlog. On UNIX it defaults
to SOMAXCONN or 128, whichever is less.
There were two issues with the existing code:
1. "1 << i" is computed as a 32-bit number so would overflow when
executed on 64-bit machines (when mp_uint_t is 64-bit). This meant that
*args beyond 32 positions would not be handled correctly.
2. star_args must fit as a positive small int so that it is encoded
correctly in the emitted code. MP_SMALL_INT_BITS is too big because it
overflows a small int by 1 bit. MP_SMALL_INT_BITS - 1 does not work
because it produces a signed small int which is then sign extended when
extracted (even by mp_obj_get_int_truncated), and this sign extension
means that any position arg after *args is also treated as a star-arg.
So the maximum bit position is MP_SMALL_INT_BITS - 2. This means that
MP_OBJ_SMALL_INT_VALUE() can be used instead of
mp_obj_get_int_truncated() to get the value of star_args.
These issues are fixed by this commit, and a test added.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This fixes code coverage for the case where a *arg without __len__ is
unpacked and uses exactly the amount of memory that was allocated for
kw args. This triggers the code branch where the memory for the kw args
gets reallocated since it was used already by the *arg unpacking.
Signed-off-by: David Lechner <david@pybricks.com>
This is a partial implementation of PEP 448 to allow unpacking multiple
star args in a function or method call.
This is implemented by changing the emitted bytecodes so that both
positional args and star args are stored as positional args. A bitmap is
added to indicate if an argument at a given position is a positional
argument or a star arg.
In the generated code, this new bitmap takes the place of the old star arg.
It is stored as a small int, so this means only the first N arguments can
be star args where N is the number of bits in a small int.
The runtime is modified to interpret this new bytecode format while still
trying to perform as few memory reallocations as possible.
Signed-off-by: David Lechner <david@pybricks.com>
This is a partial implementation of PEP 448 to allow multiple ** unpackings
when calling a function or method.
The compiler is modified to encode the argument as a None: obj key-value
pair (similar to how regular keyword arguments are encoded as str: obj
pairs). The extra object that was pushed on the stack to hold a single **
unpacking object is no longer used and is removed.
The runtime is modified to decode this new format.
Signed-off-by: David Lechner <david@pybricks.com>
The following fixes are made:
- cancelling a gather now cancels all sub-tasks of the gather (previously
it would only cancel the first)
- if any sub-task of a gather raises an exception then the gather finishes
(previously it would only finish if the first sub-task raised)
Fixes issues #5798, #7807, #7901.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This commit introduces changes:
- All jump opcodes are changed to have variable length arguments, of either
1 or 2 bytes (previously they were fixed at 2 bytes). In most cases only
1 byte is needed to encode the short jump offset, saving bytecode size.
- The bytecode emitter now selects 1 byte jump arguments when the jump
offset is guaranteed to fit in 1 byte. This is achieved by checking if
the code size changed during the last pass and, if it did (if it shrank),
then requesting that the compiler make another pass to get the correct
offsets of the now-smaller code. This can continue multiple times until
the code stabilises. The code can only ever shrink so this iteration is
guaranteed to complete. In most cases no extra passes are needed, the
original 4 passes are enough to get it right by the 4th pass (because the
2nd pass computes roughly the correct labels and the 3rd pass computes
the correct size for the jump argument).
This change to the jump opcode encoding reduces .mpy files and RAM usage
(when bytecode is in RAM) by about 2% on average.
The performance of the VM is not impacted, at least within measurment of
the performance benchmark suite.
Code size is reduced for builds that include a decent amount of frozen
bytecode. ARM Cortex-M builds without any frozen code increase by about
350 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
Background: .mpy files are precompiled .py files, built using mpy-cross,
that contain compiled bytecode functions (and can also contain machine
code). The benefit of using an .mpy file over a .py file is that they are
faster to import and take less memory when importing. They are also
smaller on disk.
But the real benefit of .mpy files comes when they are frozen into the
firmware. This is done by loading the .mpy file during compilation of the
firmware and turning it into a set of big C data structures (the job of
mpy-tool.py), which are then compiled and downloaded into the ROM of a
device. These C data structures can be executed in-place, ie directly from
ROM. This makes importing even faster because there is very little to do,
and also means such frozen modules take up much less RAM (because their
bytecode stays in ROM).
The downside of frozen code is that it requires recompiling and reflashing
the entire firmware. This can be a big barrier to entry, slows down
development time, and makes it harder to do OTA updates of frozen code
(because the whole firmware must be updated).
This commit attempts to solve this problem by providing a solution that
sits between loading .mpy files into RAM and freezing them into the
firmware. The .mpy file format has been reworked so that it consists of
data and bytecode which is mostly static and ready to run in-place. If
these new .mpy files are located in flash/ROM which is memory addressable,
the .mpy file can be executed (mostly) in-place.
With this approach there is still a small amount of unpacking and linking
of the .mpy file that needs to be done when it's imported, but it's still
much better than loading an .mpy from disk into RAM (although not as good
as freezing .mpy files into the firmware).
The main trick to make static .mpy files is to adjust the bytecode so any
qstrs that it references now go through a lookup table to convert from
local qstr number in the module to global qstr number in the firmware.
That means the bytecode does not need linking/rewriting of qstrs when it's
loaded. Instead only a small qstr table needs to be built (and put in RAM)
at import time. This means the bytecode itself is static/constant and can
be used directly if it's in addressable memory. Also the qstr string data
in the .mpy file, and some constant object data, can be used directly.
Note that the qstr table is global to the module (ie not per function).
In more detail, in the VM what used to be (schematically):
qst = DECODE_QSTR_VALUE;
is now (schematically):
idx = DECODE_QSTR_INDEX;
qst = qstr_table[idx];
That allows the bytecode to be fixed at compile time and not need
relinking/rewriting of the qstr values. Only qstr_table needs to be linked
when the .mpy is loaded.
Incidentally, this helps to reduce the size of bytecode because what used
to be 2-byte qstr values in the bytecode are now (mostly) 1-byte indices.
If the module uses the same qstr more than two times then the bytecode is
smaller than before.
The following changes are measured for this commit compared to the
previous (the baseline):
- average 7%-9% reduction in size of .mpy files
- frozen code size is reduced by about 5%-7%
- importing .py files uses about 5% less RAM in total
- importing .mpy files uses about 4% less RAM in total
- importing .py and .mpy files takes about the same time as before
The qstr indirection in the bytecode has only a small impact on VM
performance. For stm32 on PYBv1.0 the performance change of this commit
is:
diff of scores (higher is better)
N=100 M=100 baseline -> this-commit diff diff% (error%)
bm_chaos.py 371.07 -> 357.39 : -13.68 = -3.687% (+/-0.02%)
bm_fannkuch.py 78.72 -> 77.49 : -1.23 = -1.563% (+/-0.01%)
bm_fft.py 2591.73 -> 2539.28 : -52.45 = -2.024% (+/-0.00%)
bm_float.py 6034.93 -> 5908.30 : -126.63 = -2.098% (+/-0.01%)
bm_hexiom.py 48.96 -> 47.93 : -1.03 = -2.104% (+/-0.00%)
bm_nqueens.py 4510.63 -> 4459.94 : -50.69 = -1.124% (+/-0.00%)
bm_pidigits.py 650.28 -> 644.96 : -5.32 = -0.818% (+/-0.23%)
core_import_mpy_multi.py 564.77 -> 581.49 : +16.72 = +2.960% (+/-0.01%)
core_import_mpy_single.py 68.67 -> 67.16 : -1.51 = -2.199% (+/-0.01%)
core_qstr.py 64.16 -> 64.12 : -0.04 = -0.062% (+/-0.00%)
core_yield_from.py 362.58 -> 354.50 : -8.08 = -2.228% (+/-0.00%)
misc_aes.py 429.69 -> 405.59 : -24.10 = -5.609% (+/-0.01%)
misc_mandel.py 3485.13 -> 3416.51 : -68.62 = -1.969% (+/-0.00%)
misc_pystone.py 2496.53 -> 2405.56 : -90.97 = -3.644% (+/-0.01%)
misc_raytrace.py 381.47 -> 374.01 : -7.46 = -1.956% (+/-0.01%)
viper_call0.py 576.73 -> 572.49 : -4.24 = -0.735% (+/-0.04%)
viper_call1a.py 550.37 -> 546.21 : -4.16 = -0.756% (+/-0.09%)
viper_call1b.py 438.23 -> 435.68 : -2.55 = -0.582% (+/-0.06%)
viper_call1c.py 442.84 -> 440.04 : -2.80 = -0.632% (+/-0.08%)
viper_call2a.py 536.31 -> 532.35 : -3.96 = -0.738% (+/-0.06%)
viper_call2b.py 382.34 -> 377.07 : -5.27 = -1.378% (+/-0.03%)
And for unix on x64:
diff of scores (higher is better)
N=2000 M=2000 baseline -> this-commit diff diff% (error%)
bm_chaos.py 13594.20 -> 13073.84 : -520.36 = -3.828% (+/-5.44%)
bm_fannkuch.py 60.63 -> 59.58 : -1.05 = -1.732% (+/-3.01%)
bm_fft.py 112009.15 -> 111603.32 : -405.83 = -0.362% (+/-4.03%)
bm_float.py 246202.55 -> 247923.81 : +1721.26 = +0.699% (+/-2.79%)
bm_hexiom.py 615.65 -> 617.21 : +1.56 = +0.253% (+/-1.64%)
bm_nqueens.py 215807.95 -> 215600.96 : -206.99 = -0.096% (+/-3.52%)
bm_pidigits.py 8246.74 -> 8422.82 : +176.08 = +2.135% (+/-3.64%)
misc_aes.py 16133.00 -> 16452.74 : +319.74 = +1.982% (+/-1.50%)
misc_mandel.py 128146.69 -> 130796.43 : +2649.74 = +2.068% (+/-3.18%)
misc_pystone.py 83811.49 -> 83124.85 : -686.64 = -0.819% (+/-1.03%)
misc_raytrace.py 21688.02 -> 21385.10 : -302.92 = -1.397% (+/-3.20%)
The code size change is (firmware with a lot of frozen code benefits the
most):
bare-arm: +396 +0.697%
minimal x86: +1595 +0.979% [incl +32(data)]
unix x64: +2408 +0.470% [incl +800(data)]
unix nanbox: +1396 +0.309% [incl -96(data)]
stm32: -1256 -0.318% PYBV10
cc3200: +288 +0.157%
esp8266: -260 -0.037% GENERIC
esp32: -216 -0.014% GENERIC[incl -1072(data)]
nrf: +116 +0.067% pca10040
rp2: -664 -0.135% PICO
samd: +844 +0.607% ADAFRUIT_ITSYBITSY_M4_EXPRESS
As part of this change the .mpy file format version is bumped to version 6.
And mpy-tool.py has been improved to provide a good visualisation of the
contents of .mpy files.
In summary: this commit changes the bytecode to use qstr indirection, and
reworks the .mpy file format to be simpler and allow .mpy files to be
executed in-place. Performance is not impacted too much. Eventually it
will be possible to store such .mpy files in a linear, read-only, memory-
mappable filesystem so they can be executed from flash/ROM. This will
essentially be able to replace frozen code for most applications.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
Some versions of Python (for instance: the mingw-w64 version which can be
installed on MSYS2) do include a pty module and claim to be posix-like
(os.name == 'posix'), yet the select.select call used in run-tests.py hangs
forever. To be on the safe side just exclude anything which might be
running on windows.
A script will print "SKIP" if it wants to be skipped, so the test runner
must also use uppercase SKIP.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
The current test depends on a specific number and order of packets to pass,
which can't be reproduced every run due to the unreliable UDP protocol.
This patch adds simple packets sequencing, retransmits with timeouts, and a
packet loss threshold, to make the test more tolerant to UDP protocol
packet drops and reordering.
This allows encoding things (eg a Basic-Auth header for a request) without
slicing the \n from the string, which allocates additional memory.
Co-authored-by: David Lechner <david@lechnology.com>
The new test has an .exp file, because it is not compatible with Python 3.9
and lower.
See CPython version of the issue at https://bugs.python.org/issue27772
Signed-off-by: Jeff Epler <jepler@gmail.com>
BLE still functions correctly even though these messages are sometimes
printed by the IDF. Ignoring them allows the multi_bluetooth tests to pass
on an esp32 board.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
In commit 86ce442607 the '.frozen' entry was
added at the start of sys.path, to allow control over when frozen modules
are searched during import, and retain existing behaviour whereby frozen
was searched before the filesystem.
But Python semantics of sys.path require sys.path[0] to be the directory of
the currently executing script, or ''.
This commit moves the '.frozen' entry to second place in sys.path, so
sys.path[0] retains its correct value (described above).
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This commit makes sure that the value zero is always encoded in an mpz_t as
neg=0 and len=0 (previously it was just len=0).
This invariant is needed for some of the bitwise operations that operate on
negative numbers, because they cannot handle -0. For example
(-((1<<100)-(1<<100)))|1 was being computed as -65535, instead of 1.
Fixes issue #8042.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This feature is not enabled on any port, it's not in CPython's io module,
and functionality is better suited to the micropython-lib implementation of
pkg_resources.
Expected result of const.py will be matched only when MICROPY_COMP_CONST is
enabled. For easy understanding, added description at the first of the
test code.
This commit removes all parts of code associated with the existing
MICROPY_OPT_CACHE_MAP_LOOKUP_IN_BYTECODE optimisation option, including the
-mcache-lookup-bc option to mpy-cross.
This feature originally provided a significant performance boost for Unix,
but wasn't able to be enabled for MCU targets (due to frozen bytecode), and
added significant extra complexity to generating and distributing .mpy
files.
The equivalent performance gain is now provided by the combination of
MICROPY_OPT_LOAD_ATTR_FAST_PATH and MICROPY_OPT_MAP_LOOKUP_CACHE (which has
been enabled on the unix port in the previous commit).
It's hard to provide precise performance numbers, but tests have been run
on a wide variety of architectures (x86-64, ARM Cortex, Aarch64, RISC-V,
xtensa) and they all generally agree on the qualitative improvements seen
by the combination of MICROPY_OPT_LOAD_ATTR_FAST_PATH and
MICROPY_OPT_MAP_LOOKUP_CACHE.
For example, on a "quiet" Linux x64 environment (i3-5010U @ 2.10GHz) the
change from CACHE_MAP_LOOKUP_IN_BYTECODE, to LOAD_ATTR_FAST_PATH combined
with MAP_LOOKUP_CACHE is:
diff of scores (higher is better)
N=2000 M=2000 bccache -> attrmapcache diff diff% (error%)
bm_chaos.py 13742.56 -> 13905.67 : +163.11 = +1.187% (+/-3.75%)
bm_fannkuch.py 60.13 -> 61.34 : +1.21 = +2.012% (+/-2.11%)
bm_fft.py 113083.20 -> 114793.68 : +1710.48 = +1.513% (+/-1.57%)
bm_float.py 256552.80 -> 243908.29 : -12644.51 = -4.929% (+/-1.90%)
bm_hexiom.py 521.93 -> 625.41 : +103.48 = +19.826% (+/-0.40%)
bm_nqueens.py 197544.25 -> 217713.12 : +20168.87 = +10.210% (+/-3.01%)
bm_pidigits.py 8072.98 -> 8198.75 : +125.77 = +1.558% (+/-3.22%)
misc_aes.py 17283.45 -> 16480.52 : -802.93 = -4.646% (+/-0.82%)
misc_mandel.py 99083.99 -> 128939.84 : +29855.85 = +30.132% (+/-5.88%)
misc_pystone.py 83860.10 -> 82592.56 : -1267.54 = -1.511% (+/-2.27%)
misc_raytrace.py 21490.40 -> 22227.23 : +736.83 = +3.429% (+/-1.88%)
This shows that the new optimisations are at least as good as the existing
inline-bytecode-caching, and are sometimes much better (because the new
ones apply caching to a wider variety of map lookups).
The new optimisations can also benefit code generated by the native
emitter, because they apply to the runtime rather than the generated code.
The improvement for the native emitter when LOAD_ATTR_FAST_PATH and
MAP_LOOKUP_CACHE are enabled is (same Linux environment as above):
diff of scores (higher is better)
N=2000 M=2000 native -> nat-attrmapcache diff diff% (error%)
bm_chaos.py 14130.62 -> 15464.68 : +1334.06 = +9.441% (+/-7.11%)
bm_fannkuch.py 74.96 -> 76.16 : +1.20 = +1.601% (+/-1.80%)
bm_fft.py 166682.99 -> 168221.86 : +1538.87 = +0.923% (+/-4.20%)
bm_float.py 233415.23 -> 265524.90 : +32109.67 = +13.756% (+/-2.57%)
bm_hexiom.py 628.59 -> 734.17 : +105.58 = +16.796% (+/-1.39%)
bm_nqueens.py 225418.44 -> 232926.45 : +7508.01 = +3.331% (+/-3.10%)
bm_pidigits.py 6322.00 -> 6379.52 : +57.52 = +0.910% (+/-5.62%)
misc_aes.py 20670.10 -> 27223.18 : +6553.08 = +31.703% (+/-1.56%)
misc_mandel.py 138221.11 -> 152014.01 : +13792.90 = +9.979% (+/-2.46%)
misc_pystone.py 85032.14 -> 105681.44 : +20649.30 = +24.284% (+/-2.25%)
misc_raytrace.py 19800.01 -> 23350.73 : +3550.72 = +17.933% (+/-2.79%)
In summary, compared to MICROPY_OPT_CACHE_MAP_LOOKUP_IN_BYTECODE, the new
MICROPY_OPT_LOAD_ATTR_FAST_PATH and MICROPY_OPT_MAP_LOOKUP_CACHE options:
- are simpler;
- take less code size;
- are faster (generally);
- work with code generated by the native emitter;
- can be used on embedded targets with a small and constant RAM overhead;
- allow the same .mpy bytecode to run on all targets.
See #7680 for further discussion. And see also #7653 for a discussion
about simplifying mpy-cross options.
Signed-off-by: Jim Mussared <jim.mussared@gmail.com>
This feature {x=} was introduced in Python 3.8 so needs a separate .exp
file to run on earlier Python versions.
See https://bugs.python.org/issue36817
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This achieves a substantial performance improvement when rendering glyphs
to color displays, the benefit increasing proportional to the number of
pixels in the glyph.
Prevents the finaliser from being missed if there's a dangling reference
on the stack to one of the blocks for the files (that this test checks
that they get finalised).
See github.com/micropython/micropython/pull/7659#issuecomment-899479793
Signed-off-by: Jim Mussared <jim.mussared@gmail.com>
This tests both sending indications/notifications from a server to
subscribed clients via gatts_write(...,send_update=True) and subscribing
from a client.
Signed-off-by: Jim Mussared <jim.mussared@gmail.com>
This implements (most of) the PEP-498 spec for f-strings and is based on
https://github.com/micropython/micropython/pull/4998 by @klardotsh.
It is implemented in the lexer as a syntax translation to `str.format`:
f"{a}" --> "{}".format(a)
It also supports:
f"{a=}" --> "a={}".format(a)
This is done by extracting the arguments into a temporary vstr buffer,
then after the string has been tokenized, the lexer input queue is saved
and the contents of the temporary vstr buffer are injected into the lexer
instead.
There are four main limitations:
- raw f-strings (`fr` or `rf` prefixes) are not supported and will raise
`SyntaxError: raw f-strings are not supported`.
- literal concatenation of f-strings with adjacent strings will fail
"{}" f"{a}" --> "{}{}".format(a) (str.format will incorrectly use
the braces from the non-f-string)
f"{a}" f"{a}" --> "{}".format(a) "{}".format(a) (cannot concatenate)
- PEP-498 requires the full parser to understand the interpolated
argument, however because this entirely runs in the lexer it cannot
resolve nested braces in expressions like
f"{'}'}"
- The !r, !s, and !a conversions are not supported.
Includes tests and cpydiffs.
Signed-off-by: Jim Mussared <jim.mussared@gmail.com>
The correct callback-deregister functions must be called dependent on the
socket type, otherwise resources may not be freed correctly.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
Test instances can now use the following methods to synchronise their
execution:
multitest.broadcast("sync message")
multitest.wait("sync message")
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
Previously a subclass of a type that didn't implement unary_op, or didn't
handle MP_UNARY_OP_BOOL, would raise TypeError on bool conversion.
Fixes#5677.
Replace "master" with "controller" and "slave" with "peripheral" in
comments, errors, and debug messages.
Add CONTROLLER and PERIPHERAL constants to pyb.SPI and pyb.I2C classes;
retain MASTER and SLAVE constants for backward compatiblity.
The MP_OBJ_STOP_ITERATION optimisation is a shortcut for creating a
StopIteration() exception object, and means that heap memory does not need
to be allocated for the exception (in cases where it can be used). This
commit allows this optimised object to take an optional argument (before,
it could only have no argument).
The commit also adds some new tests to cover corner cases with
StopIteration and generators that previously did not work.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This test snuck through without proper formatting and is causing CI for
other unrelated changes to fail.
Signed-off-by: David Lechner <david@pybricks.com>
Currently when using uasyncio.start_server() the socket configuration is
done inside a uasyncio.create_task() background function. If the address
and port are already in use however this throws an OSError which cannot be
cleanly caught behind the create_task().
This commit moves the getaddrinfo and socket binding to the start_server()
function, and only creates the task if that succeeds. This means that any
OSError from the initial socket configuration is propagated directly up the
call stack, compatible with CPython behaviour.
See #7444.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
2.5 can be represented correctly in object representation C, but 2.3 cannot
(it is slightly truncated).
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This commit fixes a problem with a race between cancellation of task A and
completion of task B, when A waits on B. If task B completes just before
task A is cancelled then the cancellation of A does not work. Instead,
the CancelledError meant to cancel A gets passed through to B (that's
expected behaviour) but B handles it as a "Task exception wasn't retrieved"
scenario, printing out such a message (this is because finished tasks point
their "coro" attribute to themselves to indicate they are done, and
implement the throw() method, but that method inadvertently catches the
CancelledError). The correct behaviour is for B to bounce that
CancelledError back out.
This bug is mainly seen when wait_for() is used, and in that context the
symptoms are:
- occurs when using wait_for(T, S), if the task T being waited on finishes
at exactly the same time as the wait-for timeout S expires
- task T will have run to completion
- the "Task exception wasn't retrieved message" is printed with
"<class 'CancelledError'>" as the error (ie no traceback)
- the wait_for(T, S) call never returns (it's never put back on the
uasyncio run queue) and all tasks waiting on this are blocked forever
from running
- uasyncio otherwise continues to function and other tasks continue to be
scheduled as normal
The fix here reworks the "waiting" attribute of Task to be called "state"
and uses it to indicate whether a task is: running and not awaited on,
running and awaited on, finished and not awaited on, or finished and
awaited on. This means the task does not need to point "coro" to itself to
indicate finished, and also allows removal of the throw() method.
A benefit of this is that "Task exception wasn't retrieved" messages can go
back to being able to print the name of the coroutine function.
Fixes issue #7386.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
With docs and a multi-test using TCP server/client.
This method is a MicroPython extension, although there is discussion of
adding it to CPython: https://bugs.python.org/issue41305
Signed-off-by: Mike Teachman <mike.teachman@gmail.com>
The random module's getrandbits() method didn't give a proper error message
when calling it with a value that was outside of the range of 1-32, which
can lead to confusion using this function (which under CPython can accept
numbers larger than 32). Now instead of simply giving a ValueError it
gives an error message that states that the number of bits is constrained.
Also, since the random module's functions getrandbits() and randint()
differ from CPython, tests have been added to describe these differences.
For getrandbits the relevant documentation is shown and added to the docs.
The same is given for randint method so that the information is more easily
found.
Finally, since the int object lacks the bit_length() method there is a test
for that method also to include within the docs, showing the difference to
CPython.
If digest is called then the hash object is put in a "final" state and
calling update() or digest() again will raise a ValueError (instead of
silently producing the wrong result).
See issue #4119.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
MicroPython does not store any reference from a function object to the
module it was defined in, but there is a way to use function.__globals__ to
indirectly get the module.
See issue #7259.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This significantly reduces the time taken to run the test suite (on the
unix port). Use `-j1` to disable this feature.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Epler <jepler@gmail.com>
Array equality is defined as each element being equal but to keep
code size down MicroPython implements a binary comparison. This
can only be used correctly for elements with the same binary layout
though so turn it into an NotImplementedError when comparing types
for which the binary comparison yielded incorrect results: types
with different sizes, and floating point numbers because nan != nan.
The RP2040 has 2 cores and supports running at most 2 Python threads (the
main one plus another), and will raise OSError if a thread cannot be
created because core1 is already in use. This commit adjusts some thread
tests to be robust against such OSError's. These tests now pass on rp2
boards.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This commit makes gc_lock_depth have one counter per thread, instead of one
global counter. This makes threads properly independent with respect to
the GC, in particular threads can now independently lock the GC for
themselves without locking it for other threads. It also means a given
thread can run a hard IRQ without temporarily locking the GC for all other
threads and potentially making them have MemoryError exceptions at random
locations (this really only occurs on MCUs with multiple cores and no GIL,
eg on the rp2 port).
The commit also removes protection of the GC lock/unlock functions, which
is no longer needed when the counter is per thread (and this also fixes the
cas where a hard IRQ calling gc_lock() may stall waiting for the mutex).
It also puts the check for `gc_lock_depth > 0` outside the GC mutex in
gc_alloc, gc_realloc and gc_free, to potentially prevent a hard IRQ from
waiting on a mutex if it does attempt to allocate heap memory (and putting
the check outside the GC mutex is now safe now that there is a
gc_lock_depth per thread).
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
So a lock can be acquired on one Python thread and then released on
another. A test for this is added.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
uctypes.FLOAT32 has a special value representation and
uctypes_struct_scalar_size() should be used instead of GET_SCALAR_SIZE().
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This fixes a bug where double arguments on a 32-bit architecture would not
be passed correctly because they only had 4 bytes of storage (not 8). It
also fixes a compiler warning/error in return_ffi_value on certian
architectures: array subscript 'double[0]' is partly outside array bounds
of 'ffi_arg[1]' {aka 'long unsigned int[1]'}.
Fixes issue #7064.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
Doing "import <tab>" will now complete/list built-in modules.
Originally at adafruit#4548 and adafruit#4608
Signed-off-by: Artyom Skrobov <tyomitch@gmail.com>
Anything beginning with "_" will now only be tab-completed if there is
already a partial match for such an entry. In other words, entering
foo.<tab> will no longer complete/list anything beginning with "_".
Originally at adafruit#1850
Signed-off-by: Kathryn Lingel <kathryn@lingel.net>
It's now possible to specify a device serial port using shorcuts like:
$ ./run-multitests.py -i pyb:a0 -i pyb:u1 multi_bluetooth/*.py
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This commit adds the errno attribute to exceptions, so code can retrieve
errno codes from an OSError using exc.errno.
The implementation here simply lets `errno` (and the existing `value`)
attributes work on any exception instance (they both alias args[0]). This
is for efficiency and to keep code size down. The pros and cons of this
are:
Pros:
- more compatible with CPython, less difference to document and learn
- OSError().errno will correctly return None, whereas the current way of
doing it via OSError().args[0] will raise an IndexError
- it reduces code size on most bare-metal ports (because they already have
the errno qstr)
- for Python code that uses exc.errno the generated bytecode is 2 bytes
smaller and more efficient to execute (compared with exc.args[0]); so
bytecode loaded to RAM saves 2 bytes RAM for each use of this attribute,
and bytecode that is frozen saves 2 bytes flash/ROM for each use
- it's easier/shorter to type, and saves 2 bytes of space in .py files that
use it (for each use)
Cons:
- increases code size by 4-8 bytes on minimal ports that don't already have
the `errno` qstr
- all exceptions now have .errno and .value attributes (a cpydiff test is
added to address this)
See also #2407.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
Commit cb68a5741a broke automatic Python
feature detection when running tests, because some detection relied on a
crash of a feature script returning exactly b"CRASH".
This commit fixes this and improves the situation by testing for the lack
of a known pass result, rather than an exact failure result.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
Per CPython everything which comes after the command, module or file
argument is not an option for the interpreter itself. Hence the processing
of options should stop when encountering those, and the remainder be passed
as sys.argv. Note the latter was already the case for a module or file but
not for a command.
This fixes issues like 'micropython myfile.py -h' showing the help and
exiting instead of passing '-h' as sys.argv[1], likewise for
'-X <something>' being treated as a special option no matter where it
occurs on the command line.
The generated regex code is limited in the range of jumps and counts, and
this commit checks all cases which can overflow given the right kind of
input regex, and returns an error in such a case.
This change assumes that the results that overflow an int8_t do not
overflow a platform int.
Closes: #7078
Signed-off-by: Jeff Epler <jepler@gmail.com>
This commit implements basic NVS support for the esp32. It follows the
pattern of the esp32.Partition class and exposes an NVS object per NVS
namespace. The initial support provided is only for signed 32-bit integers
and binary blobs. It's easy (albeit a bit tedious) to add support for
more types.
See discussions in: #4436, #4707, #6780
The underlying OS (the ESP-IDF) uses it's own internal errno codes and so
it's simpler and cleaner to use those rather than trying to convert
everything to the values defined in py/mperrno.h.
For certain operands to mpn_div, the existing code path for
`DIG_SIZE == MPZ_DBL_DIG_SIZE / 2` had a bug in it where borrow could still
overflow in the `(x >= *n || *n - x <= borrow)` branch, ie
`borrow + x - (mpz_dbl_dig_t)*n` overflows the borrow variable. In such
cases the subsequent right-shift of borrow would not bring in the overflow
bit, leading to an error in the result. An example division that had
overflow when MPZ_DIG_SIZE = 16 is `(2 ** 48 - 1) ** 2 // (2 ** 48 - 1)`.
This is fixed in this commit by simplifying the code and handling the low
digits of borrow first, and then the upper bits (to shift down) separately.
There is no longer a distinction between `DIG_SIZE < MPZ_DBL_DIG_SIZE / 2`
and `DIG_SIZE == MPZ_DBL_DIG_SIZE / 2`.
This commit also simplifies the second part of the calculation so that
borrow does not need to be negated (instead the code just works knowing
that borrow is negative and using + instead of - in calculations involving
borrow).
Fixes#6777.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
Default to just calling python since that is most commonly available: the
official installer or zipfiles from python.org, anaconda, nupkg all result
in python being available but not python3. In other words: the default
used so far is wrong. Note that os.name is 'posix' when running the python
version which comes with Cygwin or MSys2 so they are not affected by this.
However of all possible ways to get Python on Windows, only Cygwin provides
no python command so update the default way for running tests in the
README.
Some devices have lower precision than 1ms for time_ns() (eg PYBv1.x has
3.9ms resolution of the RTC) so make the test more lenient for them.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This returns a reference to the globals dict associated with the function,
ie the global scope that the function was defined in. This attribute is
read-only but the dict itself is modifiable, per CPython behaviour.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
The superblock for littlefs is in block 0 and 1, but block 0 may be erased
or partially written, so block 1 must be checked if block 0 does not have a
valid littlefs superblock in it.
Prior to this commit, the mount of a block device which auto-detected the
filysystem type would fail for littlefs if block 0 did not contain a valid
superblock. That is now fixed.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
According to documentation time() has a precision of at least 1 second.
This test runs for 2.5 seconds and calls all utime functions every 100ms.
Then it checks if they returned enough different results. All functions
with sub-second precision will return ~25 results. This test passes with
15 results or more. Functions that do not exist are skipped silently.
The original logic of reducing a full path to a relative one assumes
"tests/misc" is in the filename which is limited in usage: it never works
for CPython on Windows since that will use a backslash as path separator,
and also won't work when the filename is a path not relative to the tests
directory which happens for example in the common case of running
"./run-tests -d misc".
Fix all cases by printing only the bare filename, which requires them all
to start with sys_settrace_ hence the renaming.
Mounting a bdev directly tries to auto-detect the filesystem and if none is
found an OSError(19,) should be raised.
The fourth parameter of readblocks() and writeblocks() must be optional to
support ports with MICROPY_VFS_FAT=1. Otherwise mounting a bdev may fail
because looking for a FATFS will call readblocks() with only 3 parameters.
Two issues are tackled:
1. The calculation of the correct length to print is fixed to treat the
precision as a maximum length instead as the exact length.
This is done for both qstr (%q) and for regular str (%s).
2. Fix the incorrect use of mp_printf("%.*s") to mp_print_strn().
Because of the fix of above issue, some testcases that would print
an embedded null-byte (^@ in test-output) would now fail.
The bug here is that "%s" was used to print null-bytes. Instead,
mp_print_strn is used to make sure all bytes are outputted and the
exact length is respected.
Test-cases are added for both %s and %q with a combination of precision
and padding specifiers.
This commit switches the roles of the helper task from a cancellation task
to a runner task, to get the correct semantics for cancellation of
wait_for.
Some uasyncio tests are now disabled for the native emitter due to issues
with native code generation of generators and yield-from.
Fixes#5797.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This is added because task.coro==None is no longer the way to detect if a
task is finished. Providing a (CPython compatible) function for this
allows the implementation to be abstracted away.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
When a tasks raises an exception which is uncaught, and no other task
await's on that task, then an error message is printed (or a user function
called) via a call to Loop.call_exception_handler. In CPython this call is
made when the Task object is freed (eg via reference counting) because it's
at that point that it is known that the exception that was raised will
never be handled.
MicroPython does not have reference counting and the current behaviour is
to deal with uncaught exceptions as early as possible, ie as soon as they
terminate the task. But this can be undesirable because in certain cases
a task can start and raise an exception immediately (before any await is
executed in that task's coro) and before any other task gets a chance to
await on it to catch the exception.
This commit changes the behaviour so that tasks which end due to an
uncaught exception are scheduled one more time for execution, and if they
are not await'ed on by the next scheduling loop, then the exception handler
is called (eg the exception is printed out).
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This test currently passes on Unix/PYBD, but fails on WB55 because it lacks
synchronisation of the internal flash.
Signed-off-by: Jim Mussared <jim.mussared@gmail.com>
Use the same `wait_for_event` in all tests that doesn't hold a reference to
the event data tuple and handles repeat events.
Also fix a few misc reliability issues around timeouts and sequencing.
Signed-off-by: Jim Mussared <jim.mussared@gmail.com>
Prior to this change machine.mem32['foo'] (or using any other non-integer
subscript) could result in a fault due to 'foo' being interpreted as an
integer. And when writing code it's hard to tell if the fault is due to a
bad subscript type, or an integer subscript that specifies an invalid
memory address.
The type of the object used in the subscript is now tested to be an
integer by using mp_obj_get_int_truncated instead of
mp_obj_int_get_truncated. The performance hit of this change is minimal,
and machine.memX objects are more for convenience than performance (there
are many other ways to read/write memory in a faster way),
Fixes issue #6588.
Add working example code to provide a starting point for users with files
that they can just copy, and include the modules in the coverage test to
verify the complete user C module build functionality. The cexample module
uses the code originally found in cmodules.rst, which has been updated to
reflect this and partially rewritten with more complete information.
Support building .cpp files and linking them into the micropython
executable in a way similar to how it is done for .c files. The main
incentive here is to enable user C modules to use C++ files (which are put
in SRC_MOD_CXX by py.mk) since the core itself does not utilize C++.
However, to verify build functionality a unix overage test is added. The
esp32 port already has CXXFLAGS so just add the user modules' flags to it.
For the unix port use a copy of the CFLAGS but strip the ones which are not
usable for C++.
If a port provides MICROPY_PY_URANDOM_SEED_INIT_FUNC as a source of
randomness then this will be used when urandom.seed() is called without
an argument (or with None as the argument) to seed the pRNG.
Other related changes in this commit:
- mod_urandom___init__ is changed to call seed() without arguments, instead
of explicitly passing in the result of MICROPY_PY_URANDOM_SEED_INIT_FUNC.
- mod_urandom___init__ will only ever seed the pRNG once (before it could
seed it again if imported by, eg, random and then urandom).
- The Yasmarang state is moved to the BSS for builds where the state is
guaranteed to be initialised on import of the (u)random module.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
When threading is enabled without the GIL then there can be races between
the threads accessing the globals dict. Avoid this issue by making sure
all globals variables are allocated before starting the threads.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
It requires mp_hal_time_ns() to be provided by a port. This function
allows very accurate absolute timestamps.
Enabled on unix, windows, stm32, esp8266 and esp32.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
The use of -S ensures that only the CPython standard library is accessible,
which makes tests run the same regardless of any site-packages that are
installed. It also improves start-up time of CPython, reducing the overall
time spent running the test suite.
tests/basics/containment.py is updated to work around issue with old Python
versions not being able to str-format a dict-keys object, which becomes
apparent when -S is used.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
A read-only memoryview object is a better representation of the data, which
is owned by the ubluetooth module and may change between calls to the
user's irq callback function.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
Prior to this commit, uos.chdir('/') followed by uos.stat('noexist') would
succeed that stat even though the entry did not exist (some other functions
like listdir would have similar issues). This is because, if the current
directory was the root and the path was relative, mp_vfs_lookup_path would
return success for bad paths.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
And enable this feature on unix, the coverage variant. The .exp test file
is needed so the test can run on CPython versions prior to "@=" operator
support.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
Prior to this commit, pow(-2, float('nan')) would return (nan+nanj), or
raise an exception on targets that don't support complex numbers. This is
fixed to return simply nan, as CPython does.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This is consistent with the other 'micro' modules and allows implementing
additional features in Python via e.g. micropython-lib's sys.
Note this is a breaking change (not backwards compatible) for ports which
do not enable weak links, as "import sys" must now be replaced with
"import usys".
Verifies mtime timestamps on files match the value returned by time.time().
Also update vfs_fat_ramdisk.py so it doesn't check FAT timestamp of the
root, because that may change across runs/ports.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This commit fixes the cases when a TCP socket is in STATE_NEW,
STATE_LISTENING or STATE_CONNECTING and recv() is called on it. It now
raises ENOTCONN instead of a random error code due to it previously
indexing beyond the start of error_lookup_table[].
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
Updating to Black v20.8b1 there are two changes that affect the code in
this repository:
- If there is a trailing comma in a list (eg [], () or function call) then
that list is now written out with one line per element. So remove such
trailing commas where the list should stay on one line.
- Spaces at the start of """ doc strings are removed.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
So they can be skipped if __rOP__'s are not supported on the target. Also
fix the typo in the complex_special_methods.py filename.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
A configurable result directory is advantageous because it enables
using a dedicated location, eventually outside of the source tree,
instead of forcing the output files into a fixed directory which might
also contain other files already. For that reason the default output
directory also has been changed to tests/results/.
Replace some usages of paths relative to the current working directory
with absolute paths relative to the tests directory.
Fixes and resulting changes:
- default values of MICROPYTHON and MPYCROSS are absolute paths and
always correct
- likewise, the correct full paths for tools and extmod directories
are appended to sys.path
- printing/cleaning failures works properly since it expects the .exp
and .out files in the tests directory which is also where they
are written to now, plus no more need for changing directories
This fixes#5872 and allows running custom tests which use run-tests
without having to cd to the tests directory first, and the test output
still is in the tests/ directory instead of the current working directory.
Discovery of tests and all skip test logic based on paths relative to
the current working directory remains unchanged which essentially means
that for running most of MicroPython's own tests, run-tests must still
be ran from within it's directory, so document that.
With sleep(0.2) a multiple of sleep(0.1), the order of task 2 and 3
execution is not well defined, and depends on the precision of the system
clock and how fast the rest of the code runs. So change 0.2 to 0.18 to
make the test more reliable.
Also fix a typo of t3/t4, and cancel t4 at the end.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
This commit adds support for modification time of files on littlefs v2
filesystems, using file attributes. For some background see issue #6114.
Features/properties of this implementation:
- Only supported on littlefs2 (not littlefs1).
- Uses littlefs2's general file attributes to store the timestamp.
- The timestamp is 64-bits and stores nanoseconds since 1970/1/1 (if the
range to the year 2554 is not enough then additional bits can be added to
this timestamp by adding another file attribute).
- mtime is enabled by default but can be disabled in the constructor, eg:
uos.mount(uos.VfsLfs2(bdev, mtime=False), '/flash')
- It's fully backwards compatible, existing littlefs2 filesystems will work
without reformatting and timestamps will be added transparently to
existing files (once they are opened for writing).
- Files without timestamps will open correctly, and stat will just return 0
for their timestamp.
- mtime can be disabled or enabled each mount time and timestamps will only
be updated if mtime is enabled (otherwise they will be untouched).
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
Otherwise a task that continuously awaits on a large negative sleep can
monopolise the scheduler (because its wake time is always less than
everything else in the pairing heap).
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
As per CPython behaviour, compile(stmt, "file", "single") should create
code which prints to stdout (via __repl_print__) the results of any
expressions in stmt.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
mp_reader_new_file() is used to read in files for importing, either .py or
.mpy files, for the lexer and persistent code loader respectively. In both
cases the file should be opened in raw bytes mode: the lexer handles
unicode characters itself, and .mpy files contain 8-bit bytes by nature.
Before this commit importing was working correctly because, although the
file was opened in text mode, all native filesystem implementations (POSIX,
FAT, LFS) would access the file in raw bytes mode via mp_stream_rw()
calling mp_stream_p_t.read(). So it was only an issue for non-native
filesystems, such as those implemented in Python. For Python-based
filesystem implementations, a call to mp_stream_rw() would go via IOBase
and then to readinto() at the Python level, and readinto() is only defined
on files opened in raw bytes mode.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
On ports where normal heap memory can contain executable code (eg ARM-based
ports such as stm32), native code loaded from an .mpy file may be reclaimed
by the GC because there's no reference to the very start of the native
machine code block that is reachable from root pointers (only pointers to
internal parts of the machine code block are reachable, but that doesn't
help the GC find the memory).
This commit fixes this issue by maintaining an explicit list of root
pointers pointing to native code that is loaded from an .mpy file. This
is not needed for all ports so is selectable by the new configuration
option MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE_TRACK_RELOC_CODE. It's enabled by default
if a port does not specify any special functions to allocate or commit
executable memory.
A test is included to test that native code loaded from an .mpy file does
not get reclaimed by the GC.
Fixes#6045.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
All imports are now tested to see if the test should be skipped,
UserFile.read is removed, and UserFile.readinto is made more efficient.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>
