189 lines
8.0 KiB
Markdown
189 lines
8.0 KiB
Markdown
[](https://travis-ci.com/micropython/micropython) [](https://coveralls.io/r/micropython/micropython?branch=master)
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The MicroPython project
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=======================
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/micropython/micropython/master/logo/upython-with-micro.jpg" alt="MicroPython Logo"/>
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</p>
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This is the MicroPython project, which aims to put an implementation
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of Python 3.x on microcontrollers and small embedded systems.
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You can find the official website at [micropython.org](http://www.micropython.org).
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WARNING: this project is in beta stage and is subject to changes of the
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code-base, including project-wide name changes and API changes.
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MicroPython implements the entire Python 3.4 syntax (including exceptions,
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`with`, `yield from`, etc., and additionally `async`/`await` keywords from
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Python 3.5). The following core datatypes are provided: `str` (including
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basic Unicode support), `bytes`, `bytearray`, `tuple`, `list`, `dict`, `set`,
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`frozenset`, `array.array`, `collections.namedtuple`, classes and instances.
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Builtin modules include `sys`, `time`, and `struct`, etc. Select ports have
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support for `_thread` module (multithreading). Note that only a subset of
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Python 3 functionality is implemented for the data types and modules.
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MicroPython can execute scripts in textual source form or from precompiled
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bytecode, in both cases either from an on-device filesystem or "frozen" into
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the MicroPython executable.
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See the repository http://github.com/micropython/pyboard for the MicroPython
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board (PyBoard), the officially supported reference electronic circuit board.
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Major components in this repository:
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- py/ -- the core Python implementation, including compiler, runtime, and
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core library.
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- mpy-cross/ -- the MicroPython cross-compiler which is used to turn scripts
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into precompiled bytecode.
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- ports/unix/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on Unix.
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- ports/stm32/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on the PyBoard and similar
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STM32 boards (using ST's Cube HAL drivers).
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- ports/minimal/ -- a minimal MicroPython port. Start with this if you want
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to port MicroPython to another microcontroller.
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- tests/ -- test framework and test scripts.
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- docs/ -- user documentation in Sphinx reStructuredText format. Rendered
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HTML documentation is available at http://docs.micropython.org.
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Additional components:
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- ports/bare-arm/ -- a bare minimum version of MicroPython for ARM MCUs. Used
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mostly to control code size.
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- ports/teensy/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on the Teensy 3.1
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(preliminary but functional).
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- ports/pic16bit/ -- a version of MicroPython for 16-bit PIC microcontrollers.
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- ports/cc3200/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on the CC3200 from TI.
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- ports/esp8266/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on Espressif's ESP8266 SoC.
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- ports/esp32/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on Espressif's ESP32 SoC.
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- ports/nrf/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on Nordic's nRF51 and nRF52 MCUs.
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- extmod/ -- additional (non-core) modules implemented in C.
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- tools/ -- various tools, including the pyboard.py module.
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- examples/ -- a few example Python scripts.
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The subdirectories above may include READMEs with additional info.
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"make" is used to build the components, or "gmake" on BSD-based systems.
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You will also need bash, gcc, and Python 3.3+ available as the command `python3`
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(if your system only has Python 2.7 then invoke make with the additional option
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`PYTHON=python2`).
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The MicroPython cross-compiler, mpy-cross
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-----------------------------------------
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Most ports require the MicroPython cross-compiler to be built first. This
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program, called mpy-cross, is used to pre-compile Python scripts to .mpy
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files which can then be included (frozen) into the firmware/executable for
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a port. To build mpy-cross use:
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$ cd mpy-cross
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$ make
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The Unix version
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----------------
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The "unix" port requires a standard Unix environment with gcc and GNU make.
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x86 and x64 architectures are supported (i.e. x86 32- and 64-bit), as well
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as ARM and MIPS. Making full-featured port to another architecture requires
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writing some assembly code for the exception handling and garbage collection.
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Alternatively, fallback implementation based on setjmp/longjmp can be used.
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To build (see section below for required dependencies):
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$ cd ports/unix
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$ make submodules
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$ make
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Then to give it a try:
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$ ./micropython
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>>> list(5 * x + y for x in range(10) for y in [4, 2, 1])
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Use `CTRL-D` (i.e. EOF) to exit the shell.
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Learn about command-line options (in particular, how to increase heap size
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which may be needed for larger applications):
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$ ./micropython --help
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Run complete testsuite:
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$ make test
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Unix version comes with a builtin package manager called upip, e.g.:
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$ ./micropython -m upip install micropython-pystone
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$ ./micropython -m pystone
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Browse available modules on
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[PyPI](https://pypi.python.org/pypi?%3Aaction=search&term=micropython).
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Standard library modules come from
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[micropython-lib](https://github.com/micropython/micropython-lib) project.
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External dependencies
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---------------------
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Building MicroPython ports may require some dependencies installed.
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For Unix port, `libffi` library and `pkg-config` tool are required. On
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Debian/Ubuntu/Mint derivative Linux distros, install `build-essential`
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(includes toolchain and make), `libffi-dev`, and `pkg-config` packages.
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Other dependencies can be built together with MicroPython. This may
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be required to enable extra features or capabilities, and in recent
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versions of MicroPython, these may be enabled by default. To build
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these additional dependencies, in the port directory you're
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interested in (e.g. `ports/unix/`) first execute:
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$ make submodules
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This will fetch all the relevant git submodules (sub repositories) that
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the port needs. Use the same command to get the latest versions of
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submodules as they are updated from time to time. After that execute:
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$ make deplibs
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This will build all available dependencies (regardless whether they
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are used or not). If you intend to build MicroPython with additional
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options (like cross-compiling), the same set of options should be passed
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to `make deplibs`. To actually enable/disable use of dependencies, edit
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`ports/unix/mpconfigport.mk` file, which has inline descriptions of the options.
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For example, to build SSL module (required for `upip` tool described above,
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and so enabled by dfeault), `MICROPY_PY_USSL` should be set to 1.
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For some ports, building required dependences is transparent, and happens
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automatically. But they still need to be fetched with the `make submodules`
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command.
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The STM32 version
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-----------------
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The "stm32" port requires an ARM compiler, arm-none-eabi-gcc, and associated
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bin-utils. For those using Arch Linux, you need arm-none-eabi-binutils,
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arm-none-eabi-gcc and arm-none-eabi-newlib packages. Otherwise, try here:
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https://launchpad.net/gcc-arm-embedded
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To build:
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$ cd ports/stm32
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$ make submodules
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$ make
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You then need to get your board into DFU mode. On the pyboard, connect the
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3V3 pin to the P1/DFU pin with a wire (on PYBv1.0 they are next to each other
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on the bottom left of the board, second row from the bottom).
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Then to flash the code via USB DFU to your device:
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$ make deploy
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This will use the included `tools/pydfu.py` script. If flashing the firmware
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does not work it may be because you don't have the correct permissions, and
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need to use `sudo make deploy`.
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See the README.md file in the ports/stm32/ directory for further details.
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Contributing
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------------
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MicroPython is an open-source project and welcomes contributions. To be
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productive, please be sure to follow the
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[Contributors' Guidelines](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/wiki/ContributorGuidelines)
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and the [Code Conventions](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/blob/master/CODECONVENTIONS.md).
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Note that MicroPython is licenced under the MIT license, and all contributions
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should follow this license.
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