Prior to this patch uPy (on a 32-bit arch) would have severe issues when
calling bytes(-1): such a call would call vstr_init_len(vstr, -1) which
would then +1 on the len and call vstr_init(vstr, 0), which would then
round this up and allocate a small amount of memory for the vstr. The
bytes constructor would then attempt to zero out all this memory, thinking
it had allocated 2^32-1 bytes.
This patch changes the way REPL autocomplete finds matches. It now probes
the target object for all qstrs via mp_load_method_maybe to look for a
match with the given input string. Similar to how the builtin dir()
function works, this new algorithm now find all methods and instances of
user-defined classes including attributes of their parent classes. This
helps a lot at the REPL prompt for user-discovery and to autocomplete names
even for classes that are derived.
The downside is that this new algorithm is slower than the previous one,
and in particular will be slower the more qstrs there are in the system.
But because REPL autocomplete is primarily used in an interactive way it is
not that important to make it fast, as long as it is "fast enough" compared
to human reaction.
On a slow microcontroller (CPU running at 16MHz) the autocomplete time for
a list of 35 names in the outer namespace (pressing tab at a bare prompt)
takes about 160ms with this algorithm, compared to about 40ms for the
previous implementation (this time includes the actual printing of the
names as well). This time of 160ms is very reasonable especially given the
new functionality of listing all the names.
This patch also decreases code size by:
bare-arm: +0
minimal x86: -128
unix x64: -128
unix nanbox: -224
stm32: -88
cc3200: -80
esp8266: -92
esp32: -84
This patch improves the builtin dir() function by probing the target object
with all possible qstrs via mp_load_method_maybe. This is very simple (in
terms of implementation), doesn't require recursion, and allows to list all
methods of user-defined classes (without duplicates) even if they have
multiple inheritance with a common parent. The downside is that it can be
slow because it has to iterate through all the qstrs in the system, but
the "dir()" function is anyway mostly used for testing frameworks and user
introspection of types, so speed is not considered a priority.
In addition to providing a more complete implementation of dir(), this
patch is simpler than the previous implementation and saves some code
space:
bare-arm: -80
minimal x86: -80
unix x64: -56
unix nanbox: -48
stm32: -80
cc3200: -80
esp8266: -104
esp32: -64
This feature is not often used so is guarded by the config option
MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_RANGE_BINOP which is disabled by default. With this
option disabled MicroPython will always return false when comparing two
range objects for equality (unless they are exactly the same object
instance). This does not match CPython so if (in)equality between range
objects is needed then this option should be enabled.
Enabling this option costs between 100 and 200 bytes of code space
depending on the machine architecture.
Instead of putting just 'CRASH' in the .py.out file, this patch makes it so
any output from uPy that led to the crash is stored in the .py.out file, as
well as the 'CRASH' message at the end.
Prior to this patch, a float literal that was close to subnormal would
have a loss of precision when parsed. The worst case was something like
float('10000000000000000000e-326') which returned 0.0.
Note that the check for elem!=NULL is removed for the
MP_MAP_LOOKUP_ADD_IF_NOT_FOUND case because mp_map_lookup will always
return non-NULL for such a case.
CPython doesn't allow SEEK_CUR with non-zero offset for files in text mode,
and uPy inherited this behaviour for both text and binary files. It makes
sense to provide full support for SEEK_CUR of binary-mode files in uPy, and
to do this in a minimal way means also allowing to use SEEK_CUR with
non-zero offsets on text-mode files. That seems to be a fair compromise.
This implements .pend_throw(exc) method, which sets up an exception to be
triggered on the next call to generator's .__next__() or .send() method.
This is unlike .throw(), which immediately starts to execute the generator
to process the exception. This effectively adds Future-like capabilities
to generator protocol (exception will be raised in the future).
The need for such a method arised to implement uasyncio wait_for() function
efficiently (its behavior is clearly "Future" like, and normally would
require to introduce an expensive Future wrapper around all native
couroutines, like upstream asyncio does).
py/objgenerator: pend_throw: Return previous pended value.
This effectively allows to store an additional value (not necessary an
exception) in a coroutine while it's not being executed. uasyncio has
exactly this usecase: to mark a coro waiting in I/O queue (and thus
not executed in the normal scheduling queue), for the purpose of
implementing wait_for() function (cancellation of such waiting coro
by a timeout).
The whole idea of --list-tests is that we prepare a list of tests to run
later, and currently don't have a connection to target board. Similarly
for --write-exp - only "python3" binary would be required for this operation,
not "micropython".
The idea that --list-tests would be enough to produce list of tests for
tinytest-codegen didn't work, because normal run-tests processing heavily
relies on dynamic target capabilities discovery, and test filtering happens
as the result of that.
So, approach the issue from different end - allow to specify arbitrary
filtering criteria as run-tests arguments. This way, specific filters
will be still hardcoded, but at least on a particular target's side,
instead of constant patching tinytest-codegen and/or run-tests.
Lists tests to be executed, subject to all other filters requested. This
options would be useful e.g. for scripts like tools/tinytest-codegen.py,
which currently contains hardcoded filters for particular a particular
target and can't work for multiple targets.
"Builtin" tinytest-based testsuite as employed by qemu-arm (and now
generalized by me to be reusable for other targets) performs simplified
detection of skipped tests, it treats as such tests which raised SystemExit
(instead of checking got "SKIP" output). Consequently, each "SKIP" must
be accompanied by SystemExit (and conversely, SystemExit should not be
used if test is not skipped, which so far seems to be true).
These tests involves testing allocation-free function calling, and in strict
stackless mode, it's not possible to make a function call with heap locked
(because function activation record aka frame is allocated on the heap).
In strict stackless mode, it's not possible to make a function call with
heap locked (because function activation record aka frame is allocated on
heap). So, if the only purpose of function is to introduce local variable
scope, move heap lock/unlock calls inside the function.
This patch improves parsing of floating point numbers by converting all the
digits (integer and fractional) together into a number 1 or greater, and
then applying the correct power of 10 at the very end. In particular the
multiple "multiply by 0.1" operations to build a fraction are now combined
together and applied at the same time as the exponent, at the very end.
This helps to retain precision during parsing of floats, and also includes
a check that the number doesn't overflow during the parsing. One benefit
is that a float will have the same value no matter where the decimal point
is located, eg 1.23 == 123e-2.
Before this patch MP_BINARY_OP_IN had two meanings: coming from bytecode it
meant that the args needed to be swapped, but coming from within the
runtime meant that the args were already in the correct order. This lead
to some confusion in the code and comments stating how args were reversed.
It also lead to 2 bugs: 1) containment for a subclass of a native type
didn't work; 2) the expression "{True} in True" would illegally succeed and
return True. In both of these cases it was because the args to
MP_BINARY_OP_IN ended up being reversed twice.
To fix these things this patch introduces MP_BINARY_OP_CONTAINS which
corresponds exactly to the __contains__ special method, and this is the
operator that built-in types should implement. MP_BINARY_OP_IN is now only
emitted by the compiler and is converted to MP_BINARY_OP_CONTAINS by
swapping the arguments.
If MICROPY_PY_ALL_SPECIAL_METHODS is defined, actually define all special
methods (still subject to gating by e.g. MICROPY_PY_REVERSE_SPECIAL_METHODS).
This adds quite a number of qstr's, so should be used sparingly.
CPython only supports the server_hostname keyword arg via the SSLContext
object, so use that instead of the top-level ssl.wrap_socket. This allows
the test to run on CPython the same as uPy.
Also add the "Host:" header to correctly make a GET request (for URLs that
are hosted on other servers). This is not strictly needed to test the SSL
connection but helps to debug things when printing the response.
This patch changes how most of the plain math functions are implemented:
there are now two generic math wrapper functions that take a pointer to a
math function (like sin, cos) and perform the necessary conversion to and
from MicroPython types. This helps to reduce code size. The generic
functions can also check for math domain errors in a generic way, by
testing if the result is NaN or infinity combined with finite inputs.
The result is that, with this patch, all math functions now have full
domain error checking (even gamma and lgamma) and code size has decreased
for most ports. Code size changes in bytes for those with the math module
are:
unix x64: -432
unix nanbox: -792
stm32: -88
esp8266: +12
Tests are also added to check domain errors are handled correctly.
We want to close communication object even if there were exceptions
somewhere in the code. This is important for --device exec:/execpty:
which may otherwise leave processing running in the background.
CPython docs explicitly state that the RHS of a set/frozenset binary op
must be a set to prevent user errors. It also preserves commutativity of
the ops, eg: "abc" & set() is a TypeError, and so should be set() & "abc".
This change actually decreases unix (x64) code by 160 bytes; it increases
stm32 by 4 bytes and esp8266 by 28 bytes (but previous patch already
introduced a much large saving).
This returns a complex number, following CPython behaviour. For ports that
don't have complex numbers enabled this will raise a ValueError which gives
a fail-safe for scripts that were written assuming complex numbers exist.
This adds a new configuration option to print runtime warnings and errors to
stderr. On Unix, CPython prints warnings and unhandled exceptions to stderr,
so the unix port here is configured to use this option.
The unix port already printed unhandled exceptions on the main thread to
stderr. This patch fixes unhandled exceptions on other threads and warnings
(issue #2838) not printing on stderr.
Additionally, a couple tests needed to be fixed to handle this new behavior.
This is done by also capturing stderr when running tests.
Current users of fixed vstr buffers (building file paths) assume that there
is no overflow and do not check for overflow after building the vstr. This
has the potential to lead to NULL pointer dereferences
(when vstr_null_terminated_str returns NULL because it can't allocate RAM
for the terminating byte) and stat'ing and loading invalid path names (due
to the path being truncated). The safest and simplest thing to do in these
cases is just raise an exception if a write goes beyond the end of a fixed
vstr buffer, which is what this patch does. It also simplifies the vstr
code.
The aim of this patch is to rewrite the functions that create exception
instances (mp_obj_exception_make_new and mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg) so
that they do not call any functions that may raise an exception. Otherwise
it's possible to create infinite recursion with an exception being raised
while trying to create an exception object.
The two main things that are done to accomplish this are:
1. Change mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg to just format the string, then
call mp_obj_exception_make_new to actually create the exception object.
2. In mp_obj_exception_make_new and mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg try to
allocate all memory first using functions that don't raise exceptions
If any of the memory allocations fail (return NULL) then degrade
gracefully by trying other options for memory allocation, eg using the
emergency exception buffer.
3. Use a custom printer backend to conservatively format strings: if it
can't allocate memory then it just truncates the string.
As part of this rewrite, raising an exception without a message, like
KeyError(123), will now use the emergency buffer to store the arg and
traceback data if there is no heap memory available.
Memory use with this patch is unchanged. Code size is increased by:
bare-arm: +136
minimal x86: +124
unix x64: +72
unix nanbox: +96
stm32: +88
esp8266: +92
cc3200: +80
This allows user classes to implement __abs__ special method, and saves
code size (104 bytes for x86_64), even though during refactor, an issue
was fixed and few optimizations were made:
* abs() of minimum (negative) small int value is calculated properly.
* objint_longlong and objint_mpz avoid allocating new object is the
argument is already non-negative.
This is to allow to place reverse ops immediately after normal ops, so
they can be tested as one range (which is optimization for reverse ops
introduction in the next patch).
It starts a dichotomy of mp_binary_op_t values which can't appear in the
bytecode. Another reason to move it is to VALUES of OP_* and OP_INPLACE_*
nicely adjacent. This also will be needed for OP_REVERSE_*, to be soon
introduced.
This patch adds a function utf8_check() to check for a valid UTF-8 encoded
string, and calls it when constructing a str from raw bytes. The feature
is selectable at compile time via MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_STR_UNICODE_CHECK and
is enabled if unicode is enabled. It costs about 110 bytes on Thumb-2, 150
bytes on Xtensa and 170 bytes on x86-64.
IEEE floating point is specified such that a comparison of NaN with itself
returns false, and Python respects these semantics. This patch makes uPy
also have these semantics. The fix has a minor impact on the speed of the
object-equality fast-path, but that seems to be unavoidable and it's much
more important to have correct behaviour (especially in this case where
the wrong answer for nan==nan is silently returned).
These are now returned as "operation not supported" instead of raising
TypeError. In particular, this fixes equality for float vs incompatible
types, which now properly results in False instead of exception. This
also paves the road to support reverse operation (e.g. __radd__) with
float objects.
This is achieved by introducing mp_obj_get_float_maybe(), similar to
existing mp_obj_get_int_maybe().
Prior to this patch, the size of the buffer given to pack_into() was checked
for being too small by using the count of the arguments, not their actual
size. For example, a format spec of '4I' would only check that there was 4
bytes available, not 16; and 'I' would check for 1 byte, not 4.
The pack() function is ok because its buffer is created to be exactly the
correct size.
The fix in this patch calculates the total size of the format spec at the
start of pack_into() and verifies that the buffer is large enough. This
adds some computational overhead, to iterate through the whole format spec.
The alternative is to check during the packing, but that requires extra
code to handle alignment, and the check is anyway not needed for pack().
So to maintain minimal code size the check is done using struct_calcsize.
Prior to this patch, the size of the buffer given to unpack/unpack_from was
checked for being too small by using the count of the arguments, not their
actual size. For example, a format spec of '4I' would only check that
there was 4 bytes available, not 16; and 'I' would check for 1 byte, not 4.
This bug is fixed in this patch by calculating the total size of the format
spec at the start of the unpacking function. This function anyway needs to
calculate the number of items at the start, so calculating the total size
can be done at the same time.
This patch makes a repeat counter behave the same as repeating the
typecode, when there are not enough args. For example:
struct.pack('2I', 1) now behave the same as struct.pack('II', 1).
Similar to the existing testcase, but test that returning both value of
native type and instance of another user class from __new__ lead to
__init__ not being called, for better coverage.
NotImplemented means "try other fallbacks (like calling __rop__
instead of __op__) and if nothing works, raise TypeError". As
MicroPython doesn't implement any fallbacks, signal to raise
TypeError right away.
Otherwise, it will silently get incorrect result on other values types,
including CPython tuple form like "foo.png".endswith(("png", "jpg"))
(which MicroPython doesn't support for unbloatedness).
This implementation ignores invalid characters in the input. This allows
it to decode the output of b2a_base64, and also mimics the behavior of
CPython.
The value of 0 can't be used because otherwise mp_binary_get_size will let
a null byte through as the type code (intepreted as byterray). This can
lead to invalid type-specifier strings being let through without an error
in the struct module, and even buffer overruns.
The idea is that these tests can be run with just a test server running
on a test host, with device under test connecting to it, instead of
requiring Internet connection for testing.
Such setup is however WIP, and some tests in net_hosted/ are so far
written to connect to Internet, as there're not test server written
yet. This is expected to evolve over time.
This attempts to bootstrap network tests for MicroPython. This commits
sets test/net_inet/ as place for tests which require access to wide
Internet. They aren't intended to be run as part of the main testsuite,
instead to be run manually on demand.
test_tls_sites.py in particular check that it's possible to establish
SSL/TLS connection to select sites on the Internet: few references ones,
plus those for which problems were reported, and resolved.
In CPython 3.4 this raises a SyntaxError. In CPython 3.5+ having a
positional after * is allowed but uPy has the wrong semantics and passes
the arguments in the incorrect order. To prevent incorrect use of a
function going unnoticed it is important to raise the SyntaxError in uPy,
until the behaviour is fixed to follow CPython 3.5+.
This patch fixes 2 things when printing a floating-point number that
requires rounding up of the mantissa:
- retain the correct precision; eg 0.99 becomes 1.0, not 1.00
- if the exponent goes from -1 to 0 then render it as +0, not -0
Tests for an issue with line continuation failing in paste mode due to the
lexer only checking for \n in the "following" character position, before
next_char() has had a chance to convert \r and \r\n to \n.
This patch refactors the handling of the special super() call within the
compiler. It removes the need for a global (to the compiler) state variable
which keeps track of whether the subject of an expression is super. The
handling of super() is now done entirely within one function, which makes
the compiler a bit cleaner and allows to easily add more optimisations to
super calls.
Changes to the code size are:
bare-arm: +12
minimal: +0
unix x64: +48
unix nanbox: -16
stmhal: +4
cc3200: +0
esp8266: -56
If we got a CRASH result, return early, similar to SKIP. This is important
because previous refactor changed branching logic a bit, so CRASH now gets
post-processed into CRASH\n, which broke remote hardware tests.
A shorter name takes less code size, less room in scripts and is faster to
type at the REPL.
Tests and HW-API examples are updated to reflect the change.
MONO_xxx is much easier to read if you're not familiar with the code.
MVLSB is deprecated but kept for backwards compatibility, for the time
being.
This patch also updates the associated docs and tests.
The 'S' typecode is a uPy extension so it should be grouped with the other
extension (namely 'O' typecode). Testing 'S' needs uctypes which is an
extmod module and not always available, so this test is made optional and
will only be run on ports that have (u)struct and uctypes. Otherwise it
will be silently skipped.
This is so that the filename of the test doesn't clash with the module name
itself (being "websocket"), and lead to potential problems executing the
test.
MICROPY_LONGINT_IMPL_LONGLONG doesn't have overflow detection, so just
parsing a large number won't give an error, we need to print it out
to check that the whole number was parsed.
These short unit tests test the base uPy methods as well as parts of the
websocket protocol, as implemented by uPy.
@dpgeorge converted the original socket based tests by @hosaka to ones
that only require io.BytesIO.
This test just tests that the basic functions/methods can be called with
the appropriate arguments. There is no real test of underlying
functionality.
Thanks to @hosaka for the initial implementation of this test.
I.e. they don't run successfully with MICROPY_LONGINT_IMPL_NONE
and MICROPY_LONGINT_IMPL_LONGLONG (the problem is that they generate
different output than CPython, TODO to fix that).
The use of large literal numbers is a big no-no when it comes to writing
programs which work with different int representations. Also, some checks
are pretty adhoc (e.g using struct module to check for 64-bitness). This
change bases entire detection on sys.maxsize and integer operarions, and
thus more correct, even if longer.
Note that this change doesn't mean that any of these tests can pass with
anything but MPZ - even despite checking for various int representations,
the tests aren't written to be portable among them.
Tests which don't work with small ints are suffixed with _intbig.py. Some
of these may still work with long long ints and need to be reclassified
later.
Previous to this patch any non-interned str/bytes objects would create a
special parse node that held a copy of the str/bytes data. Then in the
compiler this data would be turned into a str/bytes object. This actually
lead to 2 copies of the data, one in the parse node and one in the object.
The parse node's copy of the data would be freed at the end of the compile
stage but nevertheless it meant that the peak memory usage of the
parse/compile stage was higher than it needed to be (by an amount equal to
the number of bytes in all the non-interned str/bytes objects).
This patch changes the behaviour so that str/bytes objects are created
directly in the parser and the object stored in a const-object parse node
(which already exists for bignum, float and complex const objects). This
reduces peak RAM usage of the parse/compile stage, simplifies the parser
and compiler, and reduces code size by about 170 bytes on Thumb2 archs,
and by about 300 bytes on Xtensa archs.
These tests are intended to fail, as they provide a programatic record of
differences between uPy and CPython. They also contain a special comment
at the start of the file which has meta-data describing the difference,
including known causes and known workarounds.
Depending on the thread scheduler, a busy-wait loop can hog the CPU and
make the tests very slow. So convert such loops to loops that have an
explicit sleep, allowing the worker threads to do their job.
This allows using the test runner for other scenarios than just
testing uPy itself.
The principle of comparing either to CPython or else to a .exp
file is really handy but to be able to test custom modules not
built into micropython.exe one needs to be able to specify the
module search path a.k.a MICROPYPATH.
This patch implements support for class methods __delattr__ and __setattr__
for customising attribute access. It is controlled by the config option
MICROPY_PY_DELATTR_SETATTR and is disabled by default.
A few tests still fail on PYBLITE, and that's due to differences in the
available peripheral block numbers on the different MCUs (eg I2C(2)
exists on one, but it's I2C(3) on the other).
This new function controls what happens on a hard-fault:
- debugging disabled: board will do a reset
- debugging enabled: board will print registers and stack and flash LEDs
The default is disabled, ie to do a reset. This is different to previous
behaviour which flashed the LEDs and waited indefinitely.
machine.time_pulse_us() is intended to provide very fine timing, including
while working with signal bursts, where each transition is tracked in row.
Throwing and handling an exception may take too much time and "signal loss".
So instead, in case of a timeout, just return negative value. Cases of
timeout while waiting for initial signal stabilization, and during actual
timing, are recognized.
The documentation is updated accordingly, and rewritten somewhat to clarify
the function behavior.
Updated modbuiltin.c to add conditional support for 3-arg calls to
pow() using MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_POW3 config parameter. Added support in
objint_mpz.c for for optimised implementation.
CPython 3.6 has a few changes that, when run on uPy's test suite, give a
different output to CPython 3.5. uPy currently officially supports the
3.4 language definition, but it's useful to be able to run the test suite
with 3.4/3.5/3.6 versions of CPython. This patch makes such changes to
support 3.6.
If sets are not enabled, set literals lead to SyntaxError during parsing,
so it requires feature_check. Set tests are skipped based on set_*.py
pattern.
When printing exceptions from files sent to a target by pyboard.py the
filename in the exception is <stdin>, which differs to when running the
script on the PC. So we strip out the filename to make the outputs the
same on all targets (see also misc/print_exception.py test).
If the destination of os.rename() exists then it will be overwritten if it
is a file. This is the POSIX behaviour, which is also the CPython
behaviour, and so we follow suit.
See issue #2598 for discussion.
Rename FrameBuffer1 into FrameBuffer and make it handle different bit
depths via a method table that has getpixel and setpixel. Currently
supported formats are MVLSB (monochrome, vertical, LSB) and RGB565.
Also add blit() and fill_rect() methods.
