Formerly, if you wrote
SPI.frequency = 0
you would get the sightly erroneous error message
AttributeError: 'SPI' object has no attribute 'frequency'
In this case, a better message would read
AttributeError: 'SPI' object cannot assign attribute 'frequency'
This new message will both be used in the case where the attribute doesn't
exist at all (and the object has no dynamic attributes; most instances of
built in types behave this way), or if the attribute exists but is
read-only.
Introduces a way to place CircuitPython code and data into
tightly coupled memory (TCM) which is accessible by the CPU in a
single cycle. It also frees up room in the corresponding cache for
intermittent data. Loading from external flash is slow!
The data cache is also now enabled.
Adds support for the iMX RT 1021 chip. Adds three new boards:
* iMX RT 1020 EVK
* iMX RT 1060 EVK
* Teensy 4.0
Related to #2492, #2472 and #2477. Fixes#2475.
This saves code space in builds which use link-time optimization.
The optimization drops the untranslated strings and replaces them
with a compressed_string_t struct. It can then be decompressed to
a c string.
Builds without LTO work as well but include both untranslated
strings and compressed strings.
This work could be expanded to include QSTRs and loaded strings if
a compress method is added to C. Its tracked in #531.
This patch changes dupterm to call the native C stream methods on the
connected stream objects, instead of calling the Python readinto/write
methods. This is much more efficient for native stream objects like UART
and webrepl and doesn't require allocating a special dupterm array.
This change is a minor breaking change from the user's perspective because
dupterm no longer accepts pure user stream objects to duplicate on. But
with the recent addition of uio.IOBase it is possible to still create such
classes just by inheriting from uio.IOBase, for example:
import uio, uos
class MyStream(uio.IOBase):
def write(self, buf):
# existing write implementation
def readinto(self, buf):
# existing readinto implementation
uos.dupterm(MyStream())
This new helper function acts like mp_load_method_maybe but is wrapped in
an NLR handler so it can catch exceptions. It prevents AttributeError from
propagating out, and optionally all other exceptions. This helper can be
used to fully implement hasattr (see follow-up commit), and also for cases
where mp_load_method_maybe is used but it must now raise an exception.
Without the compiler enabled the mp_optimise_value is unused, and the
micropython.opt_level() function is not useful, so exclude these from the
build to save RAM and code size.
The VM expects that, if mp_resume() returns MP_VM_RETURN_EXCEPTION, then
the returned value is an exception instance (eg to add a traceback to it).
It's possible that a value passed to a generator's throw() is not an
exception so must be explicitly checked for if the thrown value is not
intercepted by the generator.
Thanks to @jepler for finding the bug.
Prior to this patch the code would crash if a key in a ** dict was anything
other than a str or qstr. This is because mp_setup_code_state() assumes
that keys in kwargs are qstrs (for efficiency).
Thanks to @jepler for finding the bug.
There's no need to have MP_OBJ_NULL a special case, the code can re-use
the MP_OBJ_STOP_ITERATION value to signal the special case and the VM can
detect this with only one check (for MP_OBJ_STOP_ITERATION).
The new option is MICROPY_ENABLE_EXTERNAL_IMPORT and is enabled by default
so that the default behaviour is the same as before. With it disabled
import is only supported for built-in modules, not for external files nor
frozen modules. This allows to support targets that have no filesystem of
any kind and that only have access to pre-supplied built-in modules
implemented natively.
This patch introduces the MICROPY_ENABLE_PYSTACK option (disabled by
default) which enables a "Python stack" that allows to allocate and free
memory in a scoped, or Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) way, similar to alloca().
A new memory allocation API is introduced along with this Py-stack. It
includes both "local" and "nonlocal" LIFO allocation. Local allocation is
intended to be equivalent to using alloca(), whereby the same function must
free the memory. Nonlocal allocation is where another function may free
the memory, so long as it's still LIFO.
Follow-up patches will convert all uses of alloca() and VLA to the new
scoped allocation API. The old behaviour (using alloca()) will still be
available, but when MICROPY_ENABLE_PYSTACK is enabled then alloca() is no
longer required or used.
The benefits of enabling this option are (or will be once subsequent
patches are made to convert alloca()/VLA):
- Toolchains without alloca() can use this feature to obtain correct and
efficient scoped memory allocation (compared to using the heap instead
of alloca(), which is slower).
- Even if alloca() is available, enabling the Py-stack gives slightly more
efficient use of stack space when calling nested Python functions, due to
the way that compilers implement alloca().
- Enabling the Py-stack with the stackless mode allows for even more
efficient stack usage, as well as retaining high performance (because the
heap is no longer used to build and destroy stackless code states).
- With Py-stack and stackless enabled, Python-calling-Python is no longer
recursive in the C mp_execute_bytecode function.
The micropython.pystack_use() function is included to measure usage of the
Python stack.
Before this patch MP_BINARY_OP_IN had two meanings: coming from bytecode it
meant that the args needed to be swapped, but coming from within the
runtime meant that the args were already in the correct order. This lead
to some confusion in the code and comments stating how args were reversed.
It also lead to 2 bugs: 1) containment for a subclass of a native type
didn't work; 2) the expression "{True} in True" would illegally succeed and
return True. In both of these cases it was because the args to
MP_BINARY_OP_IN ended up being reversed twice.
To fix these things this patch introduces MP_BINARY_OP_CONTAINS which
corresponds exactly to the __contains__ special method, and this is the
operator that built-in types should implement. MP_BINARY_OP_IN is now only
emitted by the compiler and is converted to MP_BINARY_OP_CONTAINS by
swapping the arguments.
In mp_binary_op, there is no need to explicitly check for type->getiter
being non-null and raising an exception because this is handled exactly by
mp_getiter(). So just call the latter unconditionally.
Introduction of ports subdirectory where all ports are moved to
The main change in this release is the introduction of a "ports/"
subdirectory at the top-level of the repository, and all of the ports are
moved here. In the process the "stmhal" port is renamed to "stm32" to
better reflect the MCU that it targets. In addition, the STM32 CMSIS and
HAL sources are moved to a new submodule called "stm32lib".
The bytecode has changed in this release, compared to the previous release,
and as a consequence the .mpy version number has increased to version 3.
This means that scripts compiled with the previous mpy-cross must be
recompiled to work with this new version.
There have also been various enhancements and optimisations, such as:
check for valid UTF-8 when creating str objects, support for reverse
special binary operations like __radd__, full domain checking in the math
module, support for floor-division and modulo in the viper emitter,
and addition of stack overflow checking when executing a regex.
The stm32 port sees improved support for F7 MCUs, addition of a new board
B_L475E_IOT01A based on the STM32L475, and support for the Wiznet W5500
chipset along with improved socket behaviour.
A detailed list of changes follows.
py core:
- objstr: startswith, endswith: check arg to be a string
- nlrx86,x64: replace #define of defined() with portable macro usage
- objtype: handle NotImplemented return from binary special methods
- objtype: mp_obj_class_lookup: improve debug logging
- map: remove unused new/free functions
- make m_malloc_fail() have void return type, since it doesn't return
- modstruct: in struct.pack, stop converting if there are no args left
- modstruct: check and prevent buffer-read overflow in struct unpacking
- modstruct: check and prevent buffer-write overflow in struct packing
- nlrthumb: get working again on standard Thumb arch (ie not Thumb2)
- objfloat: fix binary ops with incompatible objects
- obj: fix comparison of float/complex NaN with itself
- objtype: implement fallback for instance inplace special methods
- objtuple: properly implement comparison with incompatible types
- objstr: add check for valid UTF-8 when making a str from bytes
- objlist: properly implement comparison with incompatible types
- runtime0.h: move relational ops to the beginning of mp_binary_op_t
- runtime0.h: move MP_BINARY_OP_DIVMOD to the end of mp_binary_op_t
- objtype: make sure mp_binary_op_method_name has full size again
- runtime0.h: put inplace arith ops in front of normal operations
- builtinhelp: simplify code slightly by extracting object type
- runtime: implement dispatch for "reverse op" special methods
- nlrx86: fix building for Android/x86
- builtinhelp: change signature of help text var from pointer to array
- runtime.h: change empty mp_warning macro so var-args are non empty
- modbuiltins: implement abs() by dispatching to MP_UNARY_OP_ABS
- {objfloat,objcomplex}: optimise MP_UNARY_OP_ABS by reusing variables
- mpconfig.h: add note that using computed gotos in VM is not C99
- objstr: strip: don't strip "\0" by default
- objexcept: prevent infinite recursion when allocating exceptions
- stream: remove unnecessary checks for NULL return from vstr_add_len
- vstr: raise a RuntimeError if fixed vstr buffer overflows
- vm: use lowercase letter at start of exception message
- persistentcode: define mp_raw_code_save_file() for any unix target
- add config option to print warnings/errors to stderr
- objfloat: support raising a negative number to a fractional power
- objset: simplify set and frozenset by separating their locals dicts
- objset: check that RHS of a binary op is a set/frozenset
- objset: include the failed key in a KeyError raised from set.remove
- objtype: change type of enum-to-qstr table to uint16_t to save space
- objstr: make empty bytes object have a null-terminating byte
- mpprint: only check for null string printing when NDEBUG not defined
- objtype: clean up unary- and binary-op enum-to-qstr mapping tables
- persistentcode: bump .mpy version number to version 3
- bc: update opcode_format_table to match the bytecode
- modmath: add full checks for math domain errors
- modmath: convert log2 macro into a function
- formatfloat: don't print the negative sign of a NaN value
- formatfloat: use standard isinf, isnan funcs instead of custom ones
- modbuiltins: use existing utf8_get_char helper in builtin ord func
- emitnative: implement floor-division and modulo for viper emitter
- objtype: use CPython compatible method name for sizeof
- objtype: fit qstrs for special methods in byte type
- objtype: define all special methods if requested
- objtype: introduce MICROPY_PY_ALL_INPLACE_SPECIAL_METHODS
extmod:
- modubinascii: only include uzlib/tinf.h when it's really needed
- modussl_mbedtls: allow to compile with MBEDTLS_DEBUG_C disabled
- machine_pinbase: put PinBase singleton in ROM
- re1.5: upgrade to v0.8.2, adds hook for stack overflow checking
- modure: add stack overflow checking when executing a regex
- uos_dupterm: update uos.dupterm() and helper funcs to have index
- uos_dupterm: swallow any errors from dupterm closing the stream
- vfs: replace VLA in proxy func with small, static sized array
- modussl: add finaliser support for ussl objects
- modussl_mbedtls: allow to compile with unix coverage build
lib:
- add new submodule, stm32lib containing STM32 CMSIS and HAL source
- embed/abort_: use mp_raise_msg helper function
- libm: fix tanhf so that it correctly handles +/- infinity args
- libm: remove implementation of log2f, use MP_NEED_LOG2 instead
- axtls: update, support for SSL_EAGAIN return code
- berkeley-db-1.xx: update, allow to override MINCACHE, DEFPSIZE
drivers:
- memory/spiflash: change from hard-coded soft SPI to generic SPI
- display/ssd1306.py: improve performance of graphics methods
- nrf24l01: make nRF24L01 test script more portable
- display/ssd1306: implement SSD1306_I2C poweron method
- display/ssd1306: make poweron() work the same with SSD1306_SPI
- wiznet5k: improve the performance of socket ops with threading
- wiznet5k: get low-level W5500 driver working
tools:
- upip: upgrade to 1.2.2
- pyboard: use repr() when quoting data in error messages
- pyboard: update docstring for additional device support
tests:
- object_new: better messages, check user __new__() method
- class_new: add checks for __init__ being called and other improvements
- class_new: add another testcase for __new__/__init__ interaction
- class_inplace_op: test for inplace op fallback to normal one
- run-bench-tests: update locations of executables, now in ports/
- class_reverse_op: test for reverse arith ops special methods
- run-tests: skip class_inplace_op for minimal profile
- run-tests: fix copy-paste mistake in var name
- cpydiff: add cases for locals() discrepancies
- extmod: add test for ure regexes leading to infinite recursion
- extmod: add test for '-' in character class in regex
- run-tests: close device under test using "finally"
- net_inet: update tls test to work with CPython and incl new site
unix port:
- rename modsocket.c to modusocket.c
- modusocket: remove #if MICROPY_SOCKET_EXTRA code blocks
- enable MICROPY_PY_REVERSE_SPECIAL_METHODS
stm32 port:
- modmachine: make machine.bootloader() work when MPU is enabled
- modmachine: improve support for sleep/deepsleep on F7 MCUs
- compute PLL freq table during build instead of at run time
- modmachine: for F7 MCU, save power by reducing internal volt reg
- boards/pllvalues.py: make script work with both Python 2 and 3
- Makefile: use lib/stm32lib instead of local cmsis and hal files
- remove cmsis and hal files, they are now a submodule
- Makefile: automatically fetch stm32lib submodule if needed
- update to new STM Cube HAL library
- fix clock initialisation of L4 MCUs
- rename stmhal port directory to stm32
- remove unused usbd_msc.c file
- boards: change remaining stm32f4xx_hal_conf.h to unix line ending
- boards: change linker scripts to use "K" instead of hex byte size
- boards: fix I2C1 pin mapping on NUCLEO_F401RE/F411RE boards
- i2c: when scanning for I2C devices only do 1 probe per address
- modnwwiznet5k: release the GIL on blocking network operations
- boards: add new board B_L475E_IOT01A based on STM32L475
- make-stmconst.py: make sure mpz const data lives in ROM
- timer: make pyb.Timer() instances persistent
- mpconfigport.h: add configuration for max periphs on L4 series
- usbdev: make the USBD callback struct const so it can go in ROM
- usbdev: change static function variable to non-static
- usbdev: put all CDC state in a struct
- usbdev: put all HID state in a struct
- usbdev: simplify CDC tx/rx buffer passing
- usbdev: simplify HID tx/rx buffer passing
- usbdev/core: add state parameter to all callback functions
- usbdev: put all state for the USB device driver in a struct
- usbdev: simplify pointers to MSC state and block dev operations
- usbdev: merge all global USB device state into a single struct
- usbdev: make device descriptor callbacks take a state pointer
- usbdev: move all the USB device descriptor state into its struct
- timer: enable ARPE so that timer freq can be changed smoothly
- modnwwiznet5k: get the IP address of an established socket
- boards: fix typos in stm32f767_af.csv table
- usbd_cdc_interface: don't reset CDC output buf on initialisation
- modnwwiznet5k: implement WIZNET5K.isconnected() method
- modusocket: make getaddrinfo() work when passed an IP address
- modusocket: return OSError(-2) if getaddrinfo fails
- mpconfigport.h: add MICROPY_THREAD_YIELD() macro
- modnwwiznet5k: add support for W5500 Ethernet chip
- modnwwiznet5k: increase SPI bus speed to 42MHz
- modnwwiznet5k: implement stream ioctl for the Wiznet driver
- mphalport: improve efficiency of mp_hal_stdout_tx_strn_cooked
- make uos.dupterm() conform to specs by using extmod version
cc3200 port:
- enable micropython.kbd_intr() method
- use standard implementation of keyboard interrupt
esp8266 port:
- rename axtls_helpers.c to posix_helpers.c
- posix_helpers: set ENOMEM on memory alloc failure
- set DEFPSIZE=1024, MINCACHE=3 for "btree" module
- esp_mphal: send data in chunks to mp_uos_dupterm_tx_strn
- modnetwork: add "bssid" keyword arg to WLAN.connect() method
- modules/webrepl_setup: add info about allowed password length
zephyr port:
- Makefile: revamp "test" target after ports were moved to ports/
- use CONFIG_NET_APP_SETTINGS to setup initial network addresses
- switch to interrupt-driven pull-style console
pic16bit port:
- add definition of SEEK_SET to unistd.h
docs:
- pyboard/tutorial: add "timeout=0" to UART in pass-through example
- more xrefs to "MicroPython port" in glossary
- library/network: fix ref to "socket" module (should be "usocket")
- machine.Signal: improve style/grammar and add usage example
- library: add description of "index" parameter to uos.dupterm()
- library/micropython: fix typo in RST formatting
- library/framebuf.rst: generalise constructor to all colour formats
- btree: describe page caching policy of the underlying implementation
- esp8266/tutorial: update neopixel with example of using 4 bbp
- library/network: clarify usage of "bssid" arg in connect() method
- pyboard/quickref: add info for Switch, RTC, CAN, Accel classes
- pyboard/tutorial: update now that yellow LED also supports PWM
- esp8266/quickref: add quickref info for RTC class
- library: add missing cross-ref links for classes in pyb module
- library/network: update docs to state that W5500 is supported
- uselect: document one-shot polling mode
- usocket: elaborate descriptions
- usocket: document inet_ntop(), inet_pton()
- library/network: add dhcp_hostname parameter
- reference/isr_rules: minor typo correction
- ussl: fix module name refs and use "MicroPython port" term
- esp8266/general: add section on TLS limitations
- usocket: document that settimeout() isn't supported by all ports
- ure: add "|" (alternative) to the list of supported operators
- reference/isr_rules.rst: add tutorial on use of micropython.schedule()
travis:
- use --upgrade when pip is installing cpp-coveralls
- update build command now that stm32 Wiznet config has changed
examples:
- hwconfig_console: add .on()/.off() methods
all:
- convert mp_uint_t to mp_unary_op_t/mp_binary_op_t where appropriate
- convert remaining "mp_uint_t n_args" to "size_t n_args"
- make new ports/ sub-directory and move all ports there
- update Makefiles and others to build with new ports/ dir layout
- remove inclusion of internal py header files
- use NULL instead of "" when calling mp_raise exception helpers
README:
- update "Dependencies" section
- add explicit section on contributing
- add gcc and arm-none-eabi-newlib to list of required components
.gitattributes:
- remove obsolete entries for stmhal/hal, stmhal/cmsis
- add entries for files that will move to ports/ dir
The uos.dupterm() signature and behaviour is updated to reflect the latest
enhancements in the docs. It has minor backwards incompatibility in that
it no longer accepts zero arguments.
The dupterm_rx helper function is moved from esp8266 to extmod and
generalised to support multiple dupterm slots.
A port can specify multiple slots by defining the MICROPY_PY_OS_DUPTERM
config macro to an integer, being the number of slots it wants to have;
0 means to disable the dupterm feature altogether.
The unix and esp8266 ports are updated to work with the new interface and
are otherwise unchanged with respect to functionality.
Header files that are considered internal to the py core and should not
normally be included directly are:
py/nlr.h - internal nlr configuration and declarations
py/bc0.h - contains bytecode macro definitions
py/runtime0.h - contains basic runtime enums
Instead, the top-level header files to include are one of:
py/obj.h - includes runtime0.h and defines everything to use the
mp_obj_t type
py/runtime.h - includes mpstate.h and hence nlr.h, obj.h, runtime0.h,
and defines everything to use the general runtime support functions
Additional, specific headers (eg py/objlist.h) can be included if needed.
This allows user classes to implement __abs__ special method, and saves
code size (104 bytes for x86_64), even though during refactor, an issue
was fixed and few optimizations were made:
* abs() of minimum (negative) small int value is calculated properly.
* objint_longlong and objint_mpz avoid allocating new object is the
argument is already non-negative.
If, for class X, X.__add__(Y) doesn't exist (or returns NotImplemented),
try Y.__radd__(X) instead.
This patch could be simpler, but requires undoing operand swap and
operation switch to get non-confusing error message in case __radd__
doesn't exist.
The unary-op/binary-op enums are already defined, and there are no
arithmetic tricks used with these types, so it makes sense to use the
correct enum type for arguments that take these values. It also reduces
code size quite a bit for nan-boxing builds.
- Changed: ValueError, TypeError, NotImplementedError
- OSError invocations unchanged, because the corresponding utility
function takes ints, not strings like the long form invocation.
- OverflowError, IndexError and RuntimeError etc. not changed for now
until we decide whether to add new utility functions.
Jeff Epler
Dan Halbert
Scott Shawcroft
Matt Wozniski
Terri Oda
Damien George
Roy Hooper
Paul Sokolovsky
Scott Shawcroft
Stefan Naumann
Javier Candeira
Alexander Steffen
Tom Collins