174 lines
6.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
174 lines
6.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
****************************************
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:mod:`network` --- network configuration
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****************************************
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.. module:: network
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:synopsis: network configuration
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This module provides network drivers and routing configuration. To use this
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module, a MicroPython variant/build with network capabilities must be installed.
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Network drivers for specific hardware are available within this module and are
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used to configure hardware network interface(s). Network services provided
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by configured interfaces are then available for use via the :mod:`socket`
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module.
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For example::
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# connect/ show IP config a specific network interface
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# see below for examples of specific drivers
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import network
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import time
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nic = network.Driver(...)
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if not nic.isconnected():
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nic.connect()
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print("Waiting for connection...")
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while not nic.isconnected():
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time.sleep(1)
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print(nic.ifconfig())
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# now use socket as usual
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import socket
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addr = socket.getaddrinfo('micropython.org', 80)[0][-1]
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s = socket.socket()
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s.connect(addr)
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s.send(b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: micropython.org\r\n\r\n')
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data = s.recv(1000)
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s.close()
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Common network adapter interface
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================================
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This section describes an (implied) abstract base class for all network
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interface classes implemented by :term:`MicroPython ports <MicroPython port>`
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for different hardware. This means that MicroPython does not actually
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provide ``AbstractNIC`` class, but any actual NIC class, as described
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in the following sections, implements methods as described here.
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.. class:: AbstractNIC(id=None, ...)
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Instantiate a network interface object. Parameters are network interface
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dependent. If there are more than one interface of the same type, the first
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parameter should be `id`.
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.. method:: AbstractNIC.active([is_active])
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Activate ("up") or deactivate ("down") the network interface, if
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a boolean argument is passed. Otherwise, query current state if
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no argument is provided. Most other methods require an active
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interface (behaviour of calling them on inactive interface is
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undefined).
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.. method:: AbstractNIC.connect([service_id, key=None, *, ...])
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Connect the interface to a network. This method is optional, and
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available only for interfaces which are not "always connected".
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If no parameters are given, connect to the default (or the only)
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service. If a single parameter is given, it is the primary identifier
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of a service to connect to. It may be accompanied by a key
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(password) required to access said service. There can be further
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arbitrary keyword-only parameters, depending on the networking medium
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type and/or particular device. Parameters can be used to: a)
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specify alternative service identifier types; b) provide additional
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connection parameters. For various medium types, there are different
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sets of predefined/recommended parameters, among them:
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* WiFi: *bssid* keyword to connect to a specific BSSID (MAC address)
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.. method:: AbstractNIC.disconnect()
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Disconnect from network.
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.. method:: AbstractNIC.isconnected()
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Returns ``True`` if connected to network, otherwise returns ``False``.
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.. method:: AbstractNIC.scan(*, ...)
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Scan for the available network services/connections. Returns a
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list of tuples with discovered service parameters. For various
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network media, there are different variants of predefined/
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recommended tuple formats, among them:
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* WiFi: (ssid, bssid, channel, RSSI, security, hidden). There
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may be further fields, specific to a particular device.
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The function may accept additional keyword arguments to filter scan
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results (e.g. scan for a particular service, on a particular channel,
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for services of a particular set, etc.), and to affect scan
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duration and other parameters. Where possible, parameter names
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should match those in connect().
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.. method:: AbstractNIC.status([param])
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Query dynamic status information of the interface. When called with no
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argument the return value describes the network link status. Otherwise
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*param* should be a string naming the particular status parameter to
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retrieve.
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The return types and values are dependent on the network
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medium/technology. Some of the parameters that may be supported are:
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* WiFi STA: use ``'rssi'`` to retrieve the RSSI of the AP signal
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* WiFi AP: use ``'stations'`` to retrieve a list of all the STAs
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connected to the AP. The list contains tuples of the form
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(MAC, RSSI).
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.. method:: AbstractNIC.ifconfig([(ip, subnet, gateway, dns)])
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Get/set IP-level network interface parameters: IP address, subnet mask,
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gateway and DNS server. When called with no arguments, this method returns
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a 4-tuple with the above information. To set the above values, pass a
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4-tuple with the required information. For example::
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nic.ifconfig(('192.168.0.4', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.0.1', '8.8.8.8'))
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.. method:: AbstractNIC.config('param')
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AbstractNIC.config(param=value, ...)
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Get or set general network interface parameters. These methods allow to work
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with additional parameters beyond standard IP configuration (as dealt with by
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`ifconfig()`). These include network-specific and hardware-specific
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parameters. For setting parameters, the keyword argument
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syntax should be used, and multiple parameters can be set at once. For
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querying, a parameter name should be quoted as a string, and only one
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parameter can be queried at a time::
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# Set WiFi access point name (formally known as SSID) and WiFi channel
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ap.config(ssid='My AP', channel=11)
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# Query params one by one
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print(ap.config('ssid'))
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print(ap.config('channel'))
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Specific network class implementations
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======================================
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The following concrete classes implement the AbstractNIC interface and
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provide a way to control networking interfaces of various kinds.
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 1
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network.WLAN.rst
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network.WLANWiPy.rst
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network.WIZNET5K.rst
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network.LAN.rst
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Network functions
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=================
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The following are functions available in the network module.
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.. function:: phy_mode([mode])
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Get or set the PHY mode.
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If the *mode* parameter is provided, sets the mode to its value. If
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the function is called without parameters, returns the current mode.
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The possible modes are defined as constants:
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* ``MODE_11B`` -- IEEE 802.11b,
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* ``MODE_11G`` -- IEEE 802.11g,
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* ``MODE_11N`` -- IEEE 802.11n.
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Availability: ESP8266.
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