604 lines
22 KiB
ReStructuredText
604 lines
22 KiB
ReStructuredText
****************************************
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:mod:`network` --- network configuration
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****************************************
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.. module:: network
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:synopsis: network configuration
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This module provides network drivers and routing configuration. To use this
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module, a MicroPython variant/build with network capabilities must be installed.
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Network drivers for specific hardware are available within this module and are
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used to configure hardware network interface(s). Network services provided
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by configured interfaces are then available for use via the :mod:`usocket`
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module.
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For example::
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# connect/ show IP config a specific network interface
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# see below for examples of specific drivers
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import network
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import utime
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nic = network.Driver(...)
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if not nic.isconnected():
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nic.connect()
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print("Waiting for connection...")
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while not nic.isconnected():
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utime.sleep(1)
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print(nic.ifconfig())
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# now use usocket as usual
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import usocket as socket
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addr = socket.getaddrinfo('micropython.org', 80)[0][-1]
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s = socket.socket()
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s.connect(addr)
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s.send(b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: micropython.org\r\n\r\n')
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data = s.recv(1000)
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s.close()
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Common network adapter interface
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================================
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This section describes an (implied) abstract base class for all network
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interface classes implemented by `MicroPython ports <MicroPython port>`
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for different hardware. This means that MicroPython does not actually
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provide ``AbstractNIC`` class, but any actual NIC class, as described
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in the following sections, implements methods as described here.
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.. class:: AbstractNIC(id=None, ...)
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Instantiate a network interface object. Parameters are network interface
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dependent. If there are more than one interface of the same type, the first
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parameter should be `id`.
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.. method:: active([is_active])
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Activate ("up") or deactivate ("down") the network interface, if
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a boolean argument is passed. Otherwise, query current state if
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no argument is provided. Most other methods require an active
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interface (behavior of calling them on inactive interface is
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undefined).
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.. method:: connect([service_id, key=None, \*, ...])
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Connect the interface to a network. This method is optional, and
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available only for interfaces which are not "always connected".
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If no parameters are given, connect to the default (or the only)
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service. If a single parameter is given, it is the primary identifier
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of a service to connect to. It may be accompanied by a key
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(password) required to access said service. There can be further
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arbitrary keyword-only parameters, depending on the networking medium
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type and/or particular device. Parameters can be used to: a)
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specify alternative service identifer types; b) provide additional
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connection parameters. For various medium types, there are different
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sets of predefined/recommended parameters, among them:
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* WiFi: *bssid* keyword to connect to a specific BSSID (MAC address)
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.. method:: disconnect()
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Disconnect from network.
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.. method:: isconnected()
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Returns ``True`` if connected to network, otherwise returns ``False``.
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.. method:: scan(\*, ...)
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Scan for the available network services/connections. Returns a
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list of tuples with discovered service parameters. For various
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network media, there are different variants of predefined/
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recommended tuple formats, among them:
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* WiFi: (ssid, bssid, channel, RSSI, authmode, hidden). There
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may be further fields, specific to a particular device.
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The function may accept additional keyword arguments to filter scan
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results (e.g. scan for a particular service, on a particular channel,
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for services of a particular set, etc.), and to affect scan
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duration and other parameters. Where possible, parameter names
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should match those in connect().
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.. method:: status([param])
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Query dynamic status information of the interface. When called with no
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argument the return value describes the network link status. Otherwise
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*param* should be a string naming the particular status parameter to
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retrieve.
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The return types and values are dependent on the network
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medium/technology. Some of the parameters that may be supported are:
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* WiFi STA: use ``'rssi'`` to retrieve the RSSI of the AP signal
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* WiFi AP: use ``'stations'`` to retrieve a list of all the STAs
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connected to the AP. The list contains tuples of the form
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(MAC, RSSI).
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.. method:: ifconfig([(ip, subnet, gateway, dns)])
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Get/set IP-level network interface parameters: IP address, subnet mask,
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gateway and DNS server. When called with no arguments, this method returns
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a 4-tuple with the above information. To set the above values, pass a
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4-tuple with the required information. For example::
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nic.ifconfig(('192.168.0.4', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.0.1', '8.8.8.8'))
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.. method:: config('param')
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config(param=value, ...)
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Get or set general network interface parameters. These methods allow to work
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with additional parameters beyond standard IP configuration (as dealt with by
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`ifconfig()`). These include network-specific and hardware-specific
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parameters. For setting parameters, the keyword argument
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syntax should be used, and multiple parameters can be set at once. For
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querying, a parameter name should be quoted as a string, and only one
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parameter can be queried at a time::
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# Set WiFi access point name (formally known as ESSID) and WiFi channel
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ap.config(essid='My AP', channel=11)
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# Query params one by one
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print(ap.config('essid'))
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print(ap.config('channel'))
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.. only:: port_pyboard
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class CC3K
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==========
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This class provides a driver for CC3000 WiFi modules. Example usage::
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import network
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nic = network.CC3K(pyb.SPI(2), pyb.Pin.board.Y5, pyb.Pin.board.Y4, pyb.Pin.board.Y3)
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nic.connect('your-ssid', 'your-password')
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while not nic.isconnected():
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pyb.delay(50)
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print(nic.ifconfig())
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# now use socket as usual
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...
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For this example to work the CC3000 module must have the following connections:
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- MOSI connected to Y8
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- MISO connected to Y7
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- CLK connected to Y6
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- CS connected to Y5
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- VBEN connected to Y4
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- IRQ connected to Y3
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It is possible to use other SPI busses and other pins for CS, VBEN and IRQ.
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Constructors
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------------
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.. class:: CC3K(spi, pin_cs, pin_en, pin_irq)
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Create a CC3K driver object, initialise the CC3000 module using the given SPI bus
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and pins, and return the CC3K object.
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Arguments are:
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- *spi* is an :ref:`SPI object <pyb.SPI>` which is the SPI bus that the CC3000 is
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connected to (the MOSI, MISO and CLK pins).
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- *pin_cs* is a :ref:`Pin object <pyb.Pin>` which is connected to the CC3000 CS pin.
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- *pin_en* is a :ref:`Pin object <pyb.Pin>` which is connected to the CC3000 VBEN pin.
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- *pin_irq* is a :ref:`Pin object <pyb.Pin>` which is connected to the CC3000 IRQ pin.
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All of these objects will be initialised by the driver, so there is no need to
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initialise them yourself. For example, you can use::
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nic = network.CC3K(pyb.SPI(2), pyb.Pin.board.Y5, pyb.Pin.board.Y4, pyb.Pin.board.Y3)
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Methods
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-------
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.. method:: cc3k.connect(ssid, key=None, \*, security=WPA2, bssid=None)
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Connect to a WiFi access point using the given SSID, and other security
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parameters.
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.. method:: cc3k.disconnect()
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Disconnect from the WiFi access point.
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.. method:: cc3k.isconnected()
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Returns True if connected to a WiFi access point and has a valid IP address,
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False otherwise.
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.. method:: cc3k.ifconfig()
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Returns a 7-tuple with (ip, subnet mask, gateway, DNS server, DHCP server,
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MAC address, SSID).
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.. method:: cc3k.patch_version()
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Return the version of the patch program (firmware) on the CC3000.
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.. method:: cc3k.patch_program('pgm')
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Upload the current firmware to the CC3000. You must pass 'pgm' as the first
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argument in order for the upload to proceed.
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Constants
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---------
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.. data:: CC3K.WEP
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.. data:: CC3K.WPA
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.. data:: CC3K.WPA2
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security type to use
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class WIZNET5K
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==============
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This class allows you to control WIZnet5x00 Ethernet adaptors based on
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the W5200 and W5500 chipsets. The particular chipset that is supported
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by the firmware is selected at compile-time via the MICROPY_PY_WIZNET5K
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option.
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Example usage::
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import network
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nic = network.WIZNET5K(pyb.SPI(1), pyb.Pin.board.X5, pyb.Pin.board.X4)
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print(nic.ifconfig())
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# now use socket as usual
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...
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For this example to work the WIZnet5x00 module must have the following connections:
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- MOSI connected to X8
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- MISO connected to X7
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- SCLK connected to X6
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- nSS connected to X5
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- nRESET connected to X4
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It is possible to use other SPI busses and other pins for nSS and nRESET.
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Constructors
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------------
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.. class:: WIZNET5K(spi, pin_cs, pin_rst)
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Create a WIZNET5K driver object, initialise the WIZnet5x00 module using the given
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SPI bus and pins, and return the WIZNET5K object.
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Arguments are:
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- *spi* is an :ref:`SPI object <pyb.SPI>` which is the SPI bus that the WIZnet5x00 is
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connected to (the MOSI, MISO and SCLK pins).
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- *pin_cs* is a :ref:`Pin object <pyb.Pin>` which is connected to the WIZnet5x00 nSS pin.
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- *pin_rst* is a :ref:`Pin object <pyb.Pin>` which is connected to the WIZnet5x00 nRESET pin.
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All of these objects will be initialised by the driver, so there is no need to
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initialise them yourself. For example, you can use::
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nic = network.WIZNET5K(pyb.SPI(1), pyb.Pin.board.X5, pyb.Pin.board.X4)
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Methods
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-------
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.. method:: wiznet5k.isconnected()
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Returns ``True`` if the physical Ethernet link is connected and up.
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Returns ``False`` otherwise.
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.. method:: wiznet5k.ifconfig([(ip, subnet, gateway, dns)])
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Get/set IP address, subnet mask, gateway and DNS.
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When called with no arguments, this method returns a 4-tuple with the above information.
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To set the above values, pass a 4-tuple with the required information. For example::
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nic.ifconfig(('192.168.0.4', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.0.1', '8.8.8.8'))
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.. method:: wiznet5k.regs()
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Dump the WIZnet5x00 registers. Useful for debugging.
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.. _network.WLAN:
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.. only:: port_esp8266
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Functions
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=========
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.. function:: phy_mode([mode])
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Get or set the PHY mode.
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If the *mode* parameter is provided, sets the mode to its value. If
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the function is called without parameters, returns the current mode.
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The possible modes are defined as constants:
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* ``MODE_11B`` -- IEEE 802.11b,
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* ``MODE_11G`` -- IEEE 802.11g,
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* ``MODE_11N`` -- IEEE 802.11n.
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class WLAN
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==========
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This class provides a driver for WiFi network processor in the ESP8266. Example usage::
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import network
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# enable station interface and connect to WiFi access point
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nic = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
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nic.active(True)
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nic.connect('your-ssid', 'your-password')
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# now use sockets as usual
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Constructors
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------------
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.. class:: WLAN(interface_id)
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Create a WLAN network interface object. Supported interfaces are
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``network.STA_IF`` (station aka client, connects to upstream WiFi access
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points) and ``network.AP_IF`` (access point, allows other WiFi clients to
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connect). Availability of the methods below depends on interface type.
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For example, only STA interface may `connect()` to an access point.
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Methods
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-------
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.. method:: wlan.active([is_active])
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Activate ("up") or deactivate ("down") network interface, if boolean
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argument is passed. Otherwise, query current state if no argument is
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provided. Most other methods require active interface.
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.. method:: wlan.connect(ssid=None, password=None, \*, bssid=None)
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Connect to the specified wireless network, using the specified password.
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If *bssid* is given then the connection will be restricted to the
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access-point with that MAC address (the *ssid* must also be specified
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in this case).
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.. method:: wlan.disconnect()
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Disconnect from the currently connected wireless network.
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.. method:: wlan.scan()
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Scan for the available wireless networks.
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Scanning is only possible on STA interface. Returns list of tuples with
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the information about WiFi access points:
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(ssid, bssid, channel, RSSI, authmode, hidden)
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*bssid* is hardware address of an access point, in binary form, returned as
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bytes object. You can use `ubinascii.hexlify()` to convert it to ASCII form.
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There are five values for authmode:
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* 0 -- open
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* 1 -- WEP
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* 2 -- WPA-PSK
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* 3 -- WPA2-PSK
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* 4 -- WPA/WPA2-PSK
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and two for hidden:
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* 0 -- visible
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* 1 -- hidden
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.. method:: wlan.status([param])
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Return the current status of the wireless connection.
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When called with no argument the return value describes the network link status.
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The possible statuses are defined as constants:
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* ``STAT_IDLE`` -- no connection and no activity,
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* ``STAT_CONNECTING`` -- connecting in progress,
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* ``STAT_WRONG_PASSWORD`` -- failed due to incorrect password,
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* ``STAT_NO_AP_FOUND`` -- failed because no access point replied,
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* ``STAT_CONNECT_FAIL`` -- failed due to other problems,
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* ``STAT_GOT_IP`` -- connection successful.
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When called with one argument *param* should be a string naming the status
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parameter to retrieve. Supported parameters in WiFI STA mode are: ``'rssi'``.
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.. method:: wlan.isconnected()
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In case of STA mode, returns ``True`` if connected to a WiFi access
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point and has a valid IP address. In AP mode returns ``True`` when a
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station is connected. Returns ``False`` otherwise.
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.. method:: wlan.ifconfig([(ip, subnet, gateway, dns)])
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Get/set IP-level network interface parameters: IP address, subnet mask,
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gateway and DNS server. When called with no arguments, this method returns
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a 4-tuple with the above information. To set the above values, pass a
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4-tuple with the required information. For example::
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nic.ifconfig(('192.168.0.4', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.0.1', '8.8.8.8'))
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.. method:: wlan.config('param')
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.. method:: wlan.config(param=value, ...)
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Get or set general network interface parameters. These methods allow to work
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with additional parameters beyond standard IP configuration (as dealt with by
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`wlan.ifconfig()`). These include network-specific and hardware-specific
|
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parameters. For setting parameters, keyword argument syntax should be used,
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multiple parameters can be set at once. For querying, parameters name should
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be quoted as a string, and only one parameter can be queries at time::
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# Set WiFi access point name (formally known as ESSID) and WiFi channel
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ap.config(essid='My AP', channel=11)
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# Query params one by one
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print(ap.config('essid'))
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print(ap.config('channel'))
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Following are commonly supported parameters (availability of a specific parameter
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depends on network technology type, driver, and `MicroPython port`).
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============= ===========
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Parameter Description
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============= ===========
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mac MAC address (bytes)
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essid WiFi access point name (string)
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channel WiFi channel (integer)
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hidden Whether ESSID is hidden (boolean)
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authmode Authentication mode supported (enumeration, see module constants)
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password Access password (string)
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dhcp_hostname The DHCP hostname to use
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============= ===========
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.. only:: port_wipy
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class WLAN
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==========
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This class provides a driver for the WiFi network processor in the WiPy. Example usage::
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import network
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import time
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# setup as a station
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wlan = network.WLAN(mode=WLAN.STA)
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wlan.connect('your-ssid', auth=(WLAN.WPA2, 'your-key'))
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while not wlan.isconnected():
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time.sleep_ms(50)
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print(wlan.ifconfig())
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# now use socket as usual
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...
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Constructors
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------------
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.. class:: WLAN(id=0, ...)
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Create a WLAN object, and optionally configure it. See `init()` for params of configuration.
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.. note::
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The ``WLAN`` constructor is special in the sense that if no arguments besides the id are given,
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it will return the already existing ``WLAN`` instance without re-configuring it. This is
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because ``WLAN`` is a system feature of the WiPy. If the already existing instance is not
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initialized it will do the same as the other constructors an will initialize it with default
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values.
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Methods
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-------
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.. method:: wlan.init(mode, \*, ssid, auth, channel, antenna)
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Set or get the WiFi network processor configuration.
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Arguments are:
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- *mode* can be either ``WLAN.STA`` or ``WLAN.AP``.
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- *ssid* is a string with the ssid name. Only needed when mode is ``WLAN.AP``.
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- *auth* is a tuple with (sec, key). Security can be ``None``, ``WLAN.WEP``,
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``WLAN.WPA`` or ``WLAN.WPA2``. The key is a string with the network password.
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If ``sec`` is ``WLAN.WEP`` the key must be a string representing hexadecimal
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values (e.g. 'ABC1DE45BF'). Only needed when mode is ``WLAN.AP``.
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- *channel* a number in the range 1-11. Only needed when mode is ``WLAN.AP``.
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- *antenna* selects between the internal and the external antenna. Can be either
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``WLAN.INT_ANT`` or ``WLAN.EXT_ANT``.
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For example, you can do::
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# create and configure as an access point
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wlan.init(mode=WLAN.AP, ssid='wipy-wlan', auth=(WLAN.WPA2,'www.wipy.io'), channel=7, antenna=WLAN.INT_ANT)
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or::
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# configure as an station
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wlan.init(mode=WLAN.STA)
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.. method:: wlan.connect(ssid, \*, auth=None, bssid=None, timeout=None)
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Connect to a WiFi access point using the given SSID, and other security
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parameters.
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- *auth* is a tuple with (sec, key). Security can be ``None``, ``WLAN.WEP``,
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``WLAN.WPA`` or ``WLAN.WPA2``. The key is a string with the network password.
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If ``sec`` is ``WLAN.WEP`` the key must be a string representing hexadecimal
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values (e.g. 'ABC1DE45BF').
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- *bssid* is the MAC address of the AP to connect to. Useful when there are several
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APs with the same ssid.
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- *timeout* is the maximum time in milliseconds to wait for the connection to succeed.
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.. method:: wlan.scan()
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Performs a network scan and returns a list of named tuples with (ssid, bssid, sec, channel, rssi).
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Note that channel is always ``None`` since this info is not provided by the WiPy.
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.. method:: wlan.disconnect()
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Disconnect from the WiFi access point.
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.. method:: wlan.isconnected()
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In case of STA mode, returns ``True`` if connected to a WiFi access point and has a valid IP address.
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In AP mode returns ``True`` when a station is connected, ``False`` otherwise.
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.. method:: wlan.ifconfig(if_id=0, config=['dhcp' or configtuple])
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With no parameters given returns a 4-tuple of *(ip, subnet_mask, gateway, DNS_server)*.
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if ``'dhcp'`` is passed as a parameter then the DHCP client is enabled and the IP params
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|
are negotiated with the AP.
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If the 4-tuple config is given then a static IP is configured. For instance::
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wlan.ifconfig(config=('192.168.0.4', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.0.1', '8.8.8.8'))
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.. method:: wlan.mode([mode])
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Get or set the WLAN mode.
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.. method:: wlan.ssid([ssid])
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Get or set the SSID when in AP mode.
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.. method:: wlan.auth([auth])
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Get or set the authentication type when in AP mode.
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.. method:: wlan.channel([channel])
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Get or set the channel (only applicable in AP mode).
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.. method:: wlan.antenna([antenna])
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Get or set the antenna type (external or internal).
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.. method:: wlan.mac([mac_addr])
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Get or set a 6-byte long bytes object with the MAC address.
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|
.. method:: wlan.irq(\*, handler, wake)
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|
Create a callback to be triggered when a WLAN event occurs during ``machine.SLEEP``
|
|
mode. Events are triggered by socket activity or by WLAN connection/disconnection.
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- *handler* is the function that gets called when the IRQ is triggered.
|
|
- *wake* must be ``machine.SLEEP``.
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|
|
Returns an IRQ object.
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|
|
|
Constants
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|
---------
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.. data:: WLAN.STA
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.. data:: WLAN.AP
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|
|
selects the WLAN mode
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|
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|
.. data:: WLAN.WEP
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|
.. data:: WLAN.WPA
|
|
.. data:: WLAN.WPA2
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|
|
|
selects the network security
|
|
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|
.. data:: WLAN.INT_ANT
|
|
.. data:: WLAN.EXT_ANT
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|
|
|
selects the antenna type
|