****************************************
:mod:`network` --- network configuration
****************************************
.. module:: network
:synopsis: network configuration
This module provides network drivers and routing configuration. To use this
module, a MicroPython variant/build with network capabilities must be installed.
Network drivers for specific hardware are available within this module and are
used to configure hardware network interface(s). Network services provided
by configured interfaces are then available for use via the :mod:`usocket`
module.
For example::
# connect/ show IP config a specific network interface
# see below for examples of specific drivers
import network
import utime
nic = network.Driver(...)
if not nic.isconnected():
nic.connect()
print("Waiting for connection...")
while not nic.isconnected():
utime.sleep(1)
print(nic.ifconfig())
# now use usocket as usual
import usocket as socket
addr = socket.getaddrinfo('micropython.org', 80)[0][-1]
s = socket.socket()
s.connect(addr)
s.send(b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: micropython.org\r\n\r\n')
data = s.recv(1000)
s.close()
Common network adapter interface
================================
This section describes an (implied) abstract base class for all network
interface classes implemented by `MicroPython ports <MicroPython port>`
for different hardware. This means that MicroPython does not actually
provide ``AbstractNIC`` class, but any actual NIC class, as described
in the following sections, implements methods as described here.
.. class:: AbstractNIC(id=None, ...)
Instantiate a network interface object. Parameters are network interface
dependent. If there are more than one interface of the same type, the first
parameter should be `id`.
.. method:: AbstractNIC.active([is_active])
Activate ("up") or deactivate ("down") the network interface, if
a boolean argument is passed. Otherwise, query current state if
no argument is provided. Most other methods require an active
interface (behavior of calling them on inactive interface is
undefined).
.. method:: AbstractNIC.connect([service_id, key=None, \*, ...])
Connect the interface to a network. This method is optional, and
available only for interfaces which are not "always connected".
If no parameters are given, connect to the default (or the only)
service. If a single parameter is given, it is the primary identifier
of a service to connect to. It may be accompanied by a key
(password) required to access said service. There can be further
arbitrary keyword-only parameters, depending on the networking medium
type and/or particular device. Parameters can be used to: a)
specify alternative service identifer types; b) provide additional
connection parameters. For various medium types, there are different
sets of predefined/recommended parameters, among them:
* WiFi: *bssid* keyword to connect to a specific BSSID (MAC address)
.. method:: AbstractNIC.disconnect()
Disconnect from network.
.. method:: AbstractNIC.isconnected()
Returns ``True`` if connected to network, otherwise returns ``False``.
.. method:: AbstractNIC.scan(\*, ...)
Scan for the available network services/connections. Returns a
list of tuples with discovered service parameters. For various
network media, there are different variants of predefined/
recommended tuple formats, among them:
* WiFi: (ssid, bssid, channel, RSSI, authmode, hidden). There
may be further fields, specific to a particular device.
The function may accept additional keyword arguments to filter scan
results (e.g. scan for a particular service, on a particular channel,
for services of a particular set, etc.), and to affect scan
duration and other parameters. Where possible, parameter names
should match those in connect().
.. method:: AbstractNIC.status([param])
Query dynamic status information of the interface. When called with no
argument the return value describes the network link status. Otherwise
*param* should be a string naming the particular status parameter to
retrieve.
The return types and values are dependent on the network
medium/technology. Some of the parameters that may be supported are:
* WiFi STA: use ``'rssi'`` to retrieve the RSSI of the AP signal
* WiFi AP: use ``'stations'`` to retrieve a list of all the STAs
connected to the AP. The list contains tuples of the form
(MAC, RSSI).
.. method:: AbstractNIC.ifconfig([(ip, subnet, gateway, dns)])
Get/set IP-level network interface parameters: IP address, subnet mask,
gateway and DNS server. When called with no arguments, this method returns
a 4-tuple with the above information. To set the above values, pass a
4-tuple with the required information. For example::
nic.ifconfig(('192.168.0.4', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.0.1', '8.8.8.8'))
.. method:: AbstractNIC.config('param')
AbstractNIC.config(param=value, ...)
Get or set general network interface parameters. These methods allow to work
with additional parameters beyond standard IP configuration (as dealt with by
`ifconfig()`). These include network-specific and hardware-specific
parameters. For setting parameters, the keyword argument
syntax should be used, and multiple parameters can be set at once. For
querying, a parameter name should be quoted as a string, and only one
parameter can be queried at a time::
# Set WiFi access point name (formally known as ESSID) and WiFi channel
ap.config(essid='My AP', channel=11)
# Query params one by one
print(ap.config('essid'))
print(ap.config('channel'))
Specific network class implementations
======================================
The following concrete classes implement the AbstractNIC interface and
provide a way to control networking interfaces of various kinds.
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
network.WLAN.rst
network.WLANWiPy.rst
network.CC3K.rst
network.WIZNET5K.rst
Network functions
=================
The following are functions available in the network module.
.. function:: phy_mode([mode])
Get or set the PHY mode.
If the *mode* parameter is provided, sets the mode to its value. If
the function is called without parameters, returns the current mode.
The possible modes are defined as constants:
* ``MODE_11B`` -- IEEE 802.11b,
* ``MODE_11G`` -- IEEE 802.11g,
* ``MODE_11N`` -- IEEE 802.11n.
Availability: ESP8266.