**************************************** :mod:`network` --- network configuration **************************************** .. include:: ../templates/unsupported_in_circuitpython.inc .. module:: network :noindex: :synopsis: network configuration This module provides network drivers and routing configuration. To use this module, a MicroPython variant/build with network capabilities must be installed. Network drivers for specific hardware are available within this module and are used to configure hardware network interface(s). Network services provided by configured interfaces are then available for use via the :mod:`usocket` module. For example:: # connect/ show IP config a specific network interface # see below for examples of specific drivers import network import utime nic = network.Driver(...) if not nic.isconnected(): nic.connect() print("Waiting for connection...") while not nic.isconnected(): utime.sleep(1) print(nic.ifconfig()) # now use usocket as usual import usocket as socket addr = socket.getaddrinfo('micropython.org', 80)[0][-1] s = socket.socket() s.connect(addr) s.send(b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: micropython.org\r\n\r\n') data = s.recv(1000) s.close() Common network adapter interface ================================ This section describes an (implied) abstract base class for all network interface classes implemented by ``MicroPython ports `` for different hardware. This means that MicroPython does not actually provide ``AbstractNIC`` class, but any actual NIC class, as described in the following sections, implements methods as described here. .. class:: AbstractNIC(id=None, ...) Instantiate a network interface object. Parameters are network interface dependent. If there are more than one interface of the same type, the first parameter should be `id`. .. method:: active([is_active]) Activate ("up") or deactivate ("down") the network interface, if a boolean argument is passed. Otherwise, query current state if no argument is provided. Most other methods require an active interface (behavior of calling them on inactive interface is undefined). .. method:: connect([service_id, key=None, \*, ...]) Connect the interface to a network. This method is optional, and available only for interfaces which are not "always connected". If no parameters are given, connect to the default (or the only) service. If a single parameter is given, it is the primary identifier of a service to connect to. It may be accompanied by a key (password) required to access said service. There can be further arbitrary keyword-only parameters, depending on the networking medium type and/or particular device. Parameters can be used to: a) specify alternative service identifer types; b) provide additional connection parameters. For various medium types, there are different sets of predefined/recommended parameters, among them: * WiFi: *bssid* keyword to connect to a specific BSSID (MAC address) .. method:: disconnect() Disconnect from network. .. method:: isconnected() Returns ``True`` if connected to network, otherwise returns ``False``. .. method:: scan(\*, ...) Scan for the available network services/connections. Returns a list of tuples with discovered service parameters. For various network media, there are different variants of predefined/ recommended tuple formats, among them: * WiFi: (ssid, bssid, channel, RSSI, authmode, hidden). There may be further fields, specific to a particular device. The function may accept additional keyword arguments to filter scan results (e.g. scan for a particular service, on a particular channel, for services of a particular set, etc.), and to affect scan duration and other parameters. Where possible, parameter names should match those in connect(). .. method:: status() Return detailed status of the interface, values are dependent on the network medium/technology. .. method:: ifconfig([(ip, subnet, gateway, dns)]) Get/set IP-level network interface parameters: IP address, subnet mask, gateway and DNS server. When called with no arguments, this method returns a 4-tuple with the above information. To set the above values, pass a 4-tuple with the required information. For example:: nic.ifconfig(('192.168.0.4', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.0.1', '8.8.8.8')) .. method:: config('param') config(param=value, ...) Get or set general network interface parameters. These methods allow to work with additional parameters beyond standard IP configuration (as dealt with by `ifconfig()`). These include network-specific and hardware-specific parameters and status values. For setting parameters, the keyword argument syntax should be used, and multiple parameters can be set at once. For querying, a parameter name should be quoted as a string, and only one parameter can be queried at a time:: # Set WiFi access point name (formally known as ESSID) and WiFi channel ap.config(essid='My AP', channel=11) # Query params one by one print(ap.config('essid')) print(ap.config('channel')) # Extended status information also available this way print(sta.config('rssi')) .. _network.WLAN: Functions ========= .. function:: phy_mode([mode]) Get or set the PHY mode. If the *mode* parameter is provided, sets the mode to its value. If the function is called without parameters, returns the current mode. The possible modes are defined as constants: * ``MODE_11B`` -- IEEE 802.11b, * ``MODE_11G`` -- IEEE 802.11g, * ``MODE_11N`` -- IEEE 802.11n. class WLAN ========== This class provides a driver for WiFi network processor in the ESP8266. Example usage:: import network # enable station interface and connect to WiFi access point nic = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) nic.active(True) nic.connect('your-ssid', 'your-password') # now use sockets as usual Constructors ------------ .. class:: WLAN(interface_id) Create a WLAN network interface object. Supported interfaces are ``network.STA_IF`` (station aka client, connects to upstream WiFi access points) and ``network.AP_IF`` (access point, allows other WiFi clients to connect). Availability of the methods below depends on interface type. For example, only STA interface may `connect()` to an access point. Methods ------- .. method:: wlan.active([is_active]) Activate ("up") or deactivate ("down") network interface, if boolean argument is passed. Otherwise, query current state if no argument is provided. Most other methods require active interface. .. method:: wlan.connect(ssid=None, password=None, \*, bssid=None) Connect to the specified wireless network, using the specified password. If *bssid* is given then the connection will be restricted to the access-point with that MAC address (the *ssid* must also be specified in this case). .. method:: wlan.disconnect() Disconnect from the currently connected wireless network. .. method:: wlan.scan() Scan for the available wireless networks. Scanning is only possible on STA interface. Returns list of tuples with the information about WiFi access points: (ssid, bssid, channel, RSSI, authmode, hidden) *bssid* is hardware address of an access point, in binary form, returned as bytes object. You can use `binascii.hexlify()` to convert it to ASCII form. There are five values for authmode: * 0 -- open * 1 -- WEP * 2 -- WPA-PSK * 3 -- WPA2-PSK * 4 -- WPA/WPA2-PSK and two for hidden: * 0 -- visible * 1 -- hidden .. method:: wlan.status() Return the current status of the wireless connection. The possible statuses are defined as constants: * ``STAT_IDLE`` -- no connection and no activity, * ``STAT_CONNECTING`` -- connecting in progress, * ``STAT_WRONG_PASSWORD`` -- failed due to incorrect password, * ``STAT_NO_AP_FOUND`` -- failed because no access point replied, * ``STAT_CONNECT_FAIL`` -- failed due to other problems, * ``STAT_GOT_IP`` -- connection successful. .. method:: wlan.isconnected() In case of STA mode, returns ``True`` if connected to a WiFi access point and has a valid IP address. In AP mode returns ``True`` when a station is connected. Returns ``False`` otherwise. .. method:: wlan.ifconfig([(ip, subnet, gateway, dns)]) Get/set IP-level network interface parameters: IP address, subnet mask, gateway and DNS server. When called with no arguments, this method returns a 4-tuple with the above information. To set the above values, pass a 4-tuple with the required information. For example:: nic.ifconfig(('192.168.0.4', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.0.1', '8.8.8.8')) .. method:: wlan.config('param') wlan.config(param=value, ...) Get or set general network interface parameters. These methods allow to work with additional parameters beyond standard IP configuration (as dealt with by `wlan.ifconfig()`). These include network-specific and hardware-specific parameters. For setting parameters, keyword argument syntax should be used, multiple parameters can be set at once. For querying, parameters name should be quoted as a string, and only one parameter can be queries at time:: # Set WiFi access point name (formally known as ESSID) and WiFi channel ap.config(essid='My AP', channel=11) # Query params one by one print(ap.config('essid')) print(ap.config('channel')) Following are commonly supported parameters (availability of a specific parameter depends on network technology type, driver, and ``MicroPython port``). ============= =========== Parameter Description ============= =========== mac MAC address (bytes) essid WiFi access point name (string) channel WiFi channel (integer) hidden Whether ESSID is hidden (boolean) authmode Authentication mode supported (enumeration, see module constants) password Access password (string) dhcp_hostname The DHCP hostname to use ============= ===========