This change is made for two reasons:
1. A 3rd-party library (eg berkeley-db-1.xx, axtls) may use the system
provided errno for certain errors, and yet MicroPython stream objects
that it calls will be using the internal mp_stream_errno. So if the
library returns an error it is not known whether the corresponding errno
code is stored in the system errno or mp_stream_errno. Using the system
errno in all cases (eg in the mp_stream_posix_XXX wrappers) fixes this
ambiguity.
2. For systems that have threading the system-provided errno should always
be used because the errno value is thread-local.
For systems that do not have an errno, the new lib/embed/__errno.c file is
provided.
Most types are in rodata/ROM, and mp_obj_base_t.type is a constant pointer,
so enforce this const-ness throughout the code base. If a type ever needs
to be modified (eg a user type) then a simple cast can be used.
Protocols are nice, but there is no way for C code to verify whether
a type's "protocol" structure actually implements some particular
protocol. As a result, you can pass an object that implements the
"vfs" protocol to one that expects the "stream" protocol, and the
opposite of awesomeness ensues.
This patch adds an OPTIONAL (but enabled by default) protocol identifier
as the first member of any protocol structure. This identifier is
simply a unique QSTR chosen by the protocol designer and used by each
protocol implementer. When checking for protocol support, instead of
just checking whether the object's type has a non-NULL protocol field,
use `mp_proto_get` which implements the protocol check when possible.
The existing protocols are now named:
protocol_framebuf
protocol_i2c
protocol_pin
protocol_stream
protocol_spi
protocol_vfs
(most of these are unused in CP and are just inherited from MP; vfs and
stream are definitely used though)
I did not find any crashing examples, but here's one to give a flavor of what
is improved, using `micropython_coverage`. Before the change,
the vfs "ioctl" protocol is invoked, and the result is not intelligible
as json (but it could have resulted in a hard fault, potentially):
>>> import uos, ujson
>>> u = uos.VfsPosix('/tmp')
>>> ujson.load(u)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: syntax error in JSON
After the change, the vfs object is correctly detected as not supporting
the stream protocol:
>>> ujson.load(p)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
OSError: stream operation not supported
While finding sources of clicks and buzzes in nrf i2sout, I identified
this site as one which could be long running. Reproducer code was to
play a 22.05kHz sample and repeatedly print `os.listdir('')`
These POSIX wrappers are assumed to be passed a concrete stream object so
it is more efficient (eg on nan-boxing builds) to pass in the pointer
rather than mp_obj_t, because then the users of these functions only need
to store a void* (and mp_obj_t may be wider than a pointer). And things
would be further improved if the stream protocol functions eventually took
a pointer as their first argument (instead of an mp_obj_t).
This patch is a step to getting ussl/axtls compiling on nan-boxing builds.
See issue #3085.
The existing mp_get_stream_raise() helper does explicit checks that the
input object is a real pointer object, has a non-NULL stream protocol, and
has the desired stream C method (read/write/ioctl). In most cases it is
not necessary to do these checks because it is guaranteed that the input
object has the stream protocol and desired C methods. For example, native
objects that use the stream wrappers (eg mp_stream_readinto_obj) in their
locals dict always have the stream protocol (or else they shouldn't have
these wrappers in their locals dict).
This patch introduces an efficient mp_get_stream() which doesn't do any
checks and just extracts the stream protocol struct. This should be used
in all cases where the argument object is known to be a stream. The
existing mp_get_stream_raise() should be used primarily to verify that an
object does have the correct stream protocol methods.
All uses of mp_get_stream_raise() in py/stream.c have been converted to use
mp_get_stream() because the argument is guaranteed to be a proper stream
object.
This patch improves efficiency of stream operations and reduces code size.
This is a more consistent use of errno codes. For example, it may be that
a stream returns MP_EAGAIN but the mp_is_nonblocking_error() macro doesn't
catch this value because it checks for EAGAIN instead (which may have a
different value than MP_EAGAIN when MICROPY_USE_INTERNAL_ERRNO is enabled).
This patch moves the implementation of stream closure from a dedicated
method to the ioctl of the stream protocol, for each type that implements
closing. The benefits of this are:
1. Rounds out the stream ioctl function, which already includes flush,
seek and poll (among other things).
2. Makes calling mp_stream_close() on an object slightly more efficient
because it now no longer needs to lookup the close method and call it,
rather it just delegates straight to the ioctl function (if it exists).
3. Reduces code size and allows future types that implement the stream
protocol to be smaller because they don't need a dedicated close method.
Code size reduction is around 200 bytes smaller for x86 archs and around
30 bytes smaller for the bare-metal archs.
Header files that are considered internal to the py core and should not
normally be included directly are:
py/nlr.h - internal nlr configuration and declarations
py/bc0.h - contains bytecode macro definitions
py/runtime0.h - contains basic runtime enums
Instead, the top-level header files to include are one of:
py/obj.h - includes runtime0.h and defines everything to use the
mp_obj_t type
py/runtime.h - includes mpstate.h and hence nlr.h, obj.h, runtime0.h,
and defines everything to use the general runtime support functions
Additional, specific headers (eg py/objlist.h) can be included if needed.
The vstr argument to the calls to vstr_add_len are dynamically allocated
(ie fixed_buf=false) and so vstr_add_len will never return NULL. So
there's no need to check for it. Any out-of-memory errors are raised by
the call to m_renew in vstr_ensure_extra.
Its addition was due to an early exploration on how to add CPython-like
stream interface. It's clear that it's not needed and just takes up
bytes in all ports.
In current state `mp_get_stream_raise` assumes that `self_in` is an object
and always performs a pointer derefence which may cause a segfault.
This function shall throw an exception whenever `self_in` does not implement
a stream protocol, that includes qstr's and numbers.
fixes#2331
To filter out even prototypes of mp_stream_posix_*() functions, which
require POSIX types like ssize_t & off_t, which may be not available in
some ports.
3-arg form:
stream.write(data, offset, length)
2-arg form:
stream.write(data, length)
These allow efficient buffer writing without incurring extra memory
allocation for slicing or creating memoryview() object, what is
important for low-memory ports.
All arguments must be positional. It might be not so bad idea to standardize
on 3-arg form, but 2-arg case would need check and raising an exception
anyway then, so instead it was just made to work.
Both read and write operations support variants where either a) a single
call is made to the undelying stream implementation and returned buffer
length may be less than requested, or b) calls are repeated until requested
amount of data is collected, shorter amount is returned only in case of
EOF or error.
These operations are available from the level of C support functions to be
used by other C modules to implementations of Python methods to be used in
user-facing objects.
The rationale of these changes is to allow to write concise and robust
code to work with *blocking* streams of types prone to short reads, like
serial interfaces and sockets. Particular object types may select "exact"
vs "once" types of methods depending on their needs. E.g., for sockets,
revc() and send() methods continue to be "once", while read() and write()
thus converted to "exactly" versions.
These changes don't affect non-blocking handling, e.g. trying "exact"
method on the non-blocking socket will return as much data as available
without blocking. No data available is continued to be signaled as None
return value to read() and write().
From the point of view of CPython compatibility, this model is a cross
between its io.RawIOBase and io.BufferedIOBase abstract classes. For
blocking streams, it works as io.BufferedIOBase model (guaranteeing
lack of short reads/writes), while for non-blocking - as io.RawIOBase,
returning None in case of lack of data (instead of raising expensive
exception, as required by io.BufferedIOBase). Such a cross-behavior
should be optimal for MicroPython needs.
Scott Shawcroft
Jeff Epler
microDev
Dan Halbert
Diego Elio Pettenò
Damien George
Jim Mussared
Paul Sokolovsky
Ayke van Laethem
Alexander Steffen
Ville Skyttä
Krzysztof Blazewicz