Long ago, prior to 0ef01d0a75, fixed and
ordered maps were the same setting with the "table_is_fixed_array" member
of mp_map_t. But these settings are actually independent, and it is
possible to have is_fixed=1, is_ordered=0 (although this can currently
only be done by tools/cc1). So update the comments to reflect this.
The behavior mirrors the instance object dict attribute where a copy of the
local attributes are provided (unless the dict is read-only, then that dict
itself is returned, as an optimisation). MicroPython does not support
modifying this dict because the changes will not be reflected in the class.
The feature is only enabled if MICROPY_CPYTHON_COMPAT is set, the same as
the instance version.
Initially some of these were found building the unix coverage variant on
MacOS because that build uses clang and has -Wdouble-promotion enabled, and
clang performs more vigorous promotion checks than gcc. Additionally the
codebase has been compiled with clang and msvc (the latter with warning
level 3), and with MICROPY_FLOAT_IMPL_FLOAT to find the rest of the
conversions.
Fixes are implemented either as explicit casts, or by using the correct
type, or by using one of the utility functions to handle floating point
casting; these have been moved from nativeglue.c to the public API.
TimeoutError was added back in 077812b2ab for
the cc3200 port. In f522849a4d the cc3200
port enabled use of it in the socket module aliased to socket.timeout. So
it was never added to the builtins. Then it was replaced by
OSError(ETIMEDOUT) in 047af9b10b.
The esp32 port enables this exception, since the very beginning of that
port, but it could never be accessed because it's not in builtins.
It's being removed: 1) to not encourage its use; 2) because there are a lot
of other OSError subclasses which are not defined at all, and having
TimeoutError is a bit inconsistent.
Note that ports can add anything to the builtins via MICROPY_PORT_BUILTINS.
And they can also define their own exceptions using the
MP_DEFINE_EXCEPTION() macro.
The decompression of error-strings is only done if the string is accessed
via printing or via er.args. Tests are added for this feature to ensure
the decompression works.
And rename it to mp_obj_cast_to_native_base() to indicate this. This
allows users of this function to easily support native and native-subclass
objects in the same way (by just passing the object through this function).
Follow up to recent commit ad7213d3c3, the
name "varg2" is misleading, vlist describes better that the argument is a
va_list. This name also matches CircuitPython, which already has such
helper functions.
Both bool and namedtuple will check against other types for equality; int,
float and complex for bool, and tuple for namedtuple. So to make them work
after the recent commit 3aab54bf43 they would
need MP_TYPE_FLAG_NEEDS_FULL_EQ_TEST set. But that makes all bool and
namedtuple equality checks less efficient because mp_obj_equal_not_equal()
could no longer short-cut x==x, and would need to try __ne__. To improve
this, this commit splits the MP_TYPE_FLAG_NEEDS_FULL_EQ_TEST flags into 3
separate flags to give types more fine-grained control over how their
equality behaves. These new flags are then used to fix bool and namedtuple
equality.
Fixes issue #5615 and #5620.
This commit implements a more complete replication of CPython's behaviour
for equality and inequality testing of objects. This addresses the issues
discussed in #5382 and a few other inconsistencies. Improvements over the
old code include:
- Support for returning non-boolean results from comparisons (as used by
numpy and others).
- Support for non-reflexive equality tests.
- Preferential use of __ne__ methods and MP_BINARY_OP_NOT_EQUAL binary
operators for inequality tests, when available.
- Fallback to op2 == op1 or op2 != op1 when op1 does not implement the
(in)equality operators.
The scheme here makes use of a new flag, MP_TYPE_FLAG_NEEDS_FULL_EQ_TEST,
in the flags word of mp_obj_type_t to indicate if various shortcuts can or
cannot be used when performing equality and inequality tests. Currently
four built-in classes have the flag set: float and complex are
non-reflexive (since nan != nan) while bytearray and frozenszet instances
can equal other builtin class instances (bytes and set respectively). The
flag is also set for any new class defined by the user.
This commit also includes a more comprehensive set of tests for the
behaviour of (in)equality operators implemented in special methods.
Commit d96cfd13e3 introduced a regression in
testing for bool objects, that such objects were in some cases no longer
recognised and bools, eg when using mp_obj_is_type(o, &mp_type_bool), or
mp_obj_is_integer(o).
This commit fixes that problem by adding mp_obj_is_bool(o). Builds with
MICROPY_OBJ_IMMEDIATE_OBJS enabled check if the object is any of the const
True or False objects. Builds without it use the old method of ->type
checking, which compiles to smaller code (compared with the former
mentioned method).
Fixes#5538.
Can be used where mp_obj_int_get_checked() will overflow due to the
sign-bit solely. This returns an mp_uint_t, so it also verifies the given
integer is not negative.
Currently implemented only for mpz configurations.
This option (enabled by default for object representation A, B, C) makes
None/False/True objects immediate objects, ie they are no longer a concrete
object in ROM but are rather just values, eg None=0x6 for representation A.
Doing this saves a considerable amount of code size, due to these objects
being widely used:
bare-arm: -392 -0.591%
minimal x86: -252 -0.170% [incl +52(data)]
unix x64: -624 -0.125% [incl -128(data)]
unix nanbox: +0 +0.000%
stm32: -1940 -0.510% PYBV10
cc3200: -1216 -0.659%
esp8266: -404 -0.062% GENERIC
esp32: -732 -0.064% GENERIC[incl +48(data)]
nrf: -988 -0.675% pca10040
samd: -564 -0.556% ADAFRUIT_ITSYBITSY_M4_EXPRESS
Thanks go to @Jongy aka Yonatan Goldschmidt for the idea.
This commit adjusts the definition of qstr encoding in all object
representations by taking a single bit from the qstr space and using it to
distinguish between qstrs and a new kind of literal object: immediate
objects. In other words, the qstr space is divided in two pieces, one half
for qstrs and the other half for immediate objects.
There is still enough room for qstr values (29 bits in representation A on
a 32-bit architecture, and 19 bits in representation C) and the new
immediate objects can be used for things like None, False and True.
Most types are in rodata/ROM, and mp_obj_base_t.type is a constant pointer,
so enforce this const-ness throughout the code base. If a type ever needs
to be modified (eg a user type) then a simple cast can be used.
Instances of the slice class are passed to __getitem__() on objects when
the user indexes them with a slice. In practice the majority of the time
(other than passing it on untouched) is to work out what the slice means in
the context of an array dimension of a particular length. Since Python 2.3
there has been a method on the slice class, indices(), that takes a
dimension length and returns the real start, stop and step, accounting for
missing or negative values in the slice spec. This commit implements such
a indices() method on the slice class.
It is configurable at compile-time via MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_SLICE_INDICES,
disabled by default, enabled on unix, stm32 and esp32 ports.
This commit also adds new tests for slice indices and for slicing unicode
strings.
The qst value is always small enough to fit in 31-bits (even less) and
using a 32-bit shift rather than a 64-bit shift reduces code size by about
300 bytes.
During make, makemoduledefs.py parses the current builds c files for
MP_REGISTER_MODULE(module_name, obj_module, enabled_define)
These are used to generate a header with the required entries for
"mp_rom_map_elem_t mp_builtin_module_table[]" in py/objmodule.c
The new compile-time option is MICROPY_DEBUG_MP_OBJ_SENTINELS, disabled by
default. This is to allow finer control of whether this debugging feature
is enabled or not (because, for example, this setting must be the same for
mpy-cross and the MicroPython main code when using native code generation).
These macros could in principle be (inline) functions so it makes sense to
have them lower case, to match the other C API functions.
The remaining macros that are upper case are:
- MP_OBJ_TO_PTR, MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR
- MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT, MP_OBJ_SMALL_INT_VALUE
- MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR, MP_OBJ_QSTR_VALUE
- MP_OBJ_FUN_MAKE_SIG
- MP_DECLARE_CONST_xxx
- MP_DEFINE_CONST_xxx
These must remain macros because they are used when defining const data (at
least, MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT is so it makes sense to have
MP_OBJ_SMALL_INT_VALUE also a macro).
For those macros that have been made lower case, compatibility macros are
provided for the old names so that users do not need to change their code
immediately.
For architectures where size_t is less than 32 bits (eg 16 bits) the args
must be casted to uint32_t so the left shift will work. For architectures
where size_t is greater than 32 bits (eg 64 bits) this new casting will not
lose any bits because the end result must anyway fit in a uint32_t.
Add traceback chain to sys.exec_info()[2].
No actual frame info is added, but just enough to recreate the printed
exception traceback.
Used by the unittest module which collects errors and failures and prints
them at the end.
This commit adds first class support for yield and yield-from in the native
emitter, including send and throw support, and yields enclosed in exception
handlers (which requires pulling down the NLR stack before yielding, then
rebuilding it when resuming).
This has been fully tested and is working on unix x86 and x86-64, and
stm32. Also basic tests have been done with the esp8266 port. Performance
of existing native code is unchanged.
When obj.h is compiled as C++ code, the cl compiler emits a warning about
possibly unsafe mixing of size_t and bool types in the or operation in
MP_OBJ_FUN_MAKE_SIG. Similarly there's an implicit narrowing integer
conversion in runtime.h. This commit fixes this by being explicit.
With 5 arguments to mp_arg_check_num(), some architectures need to pass
values on the stack. So compressing n_args_min, n_args_max, takes_kw into
a single word and passing only 3 arguments makes the call more efficient,
because almost all calls to this function pass in constant values. Code
size is also reduced by a decent amount:
bare-arm: -116
minimal x86: -64
unix x64: -256
unix nanbox: -112
stm32: -324
cc3200: -192
esp8266: -192
esp32: -144
This saves code space in builds which use link-time optimization.
The optimization drops the untranslated strings and replaces them
with a compressed_string_t struct. It can then be decompressed to
a c string.
Builds without LTO work as well but include both untranslated
strings and compressed strings.
This work could be expanded to include QSTRs and loaded strings if
a compress method is added to C. Its tracked in #531.
Because this function is simple it saves code size to have it inlined.
Being an auxiliary helper function (and only used in the py/ core) the
argument should always be an mp_obj_module_t*, so there's no need for the
assert (and having it would require including assert.h in obj.h).
It's a very simple function and saves code, and improves efficiency, by
being inline. Note that this is an auxiliary helper function and so
doesn't need mp_check_self -- that's used for functions that can be
accessed directly from Python code (eg from a method table).
For generating functions there is no need to wrap the bytecode function in
a generator wrapper instance. Instead the type of the bytecode function
can be changed to mp_type_gen_wrap. This reduces code size and saves a
block of GC heap RAM for each generator.
Since a long time now, mp_obj_type_t no longer refers explicitly to
mp_stream_p_t but rather to an abstract "const void *protocol". So there's
no longer any need to define mp_stream_p_t in obj.h and it can go with all
its associated definitions in stream.h. Pretty much all users of this type
will already include the stream header.
Prior to this patch the code would crash if a key in a ** dict was anything
other than a str or qstr. This is because mp_setup_code_state() assumes
that keys in kwargs are qstrs (for efficiency).
Thanks to @jepler for finding the bug.
So far, implements just append() and popleft() methods, required for
a normal queue. Constructor doesn't accept an arbitarry sequence to
initialize from (am empty deque is always created), so an empty tuple
must be passed as such. Only fixed-size deques are supported, so 2nd
argument (size) is required.
There's also an extension to CPython - if True is passed as 3rd argument,
append(), instead of silently overwriting the oldest item on queue
overflow, will throw IndexError. This behavior is desired in many
cases, where queues should store information reliably, instead of
silently losing some items.
This constant exception instance was once used by m_malloc_fail() to raise
a MemoryError without allocating memory, but it was made obsolete long ago
by 3556e45711. The functionality is now
replaced by the use of mp_emergency_exception_obj which lives in the global
uPy state, and which can handle any exception type, not just MemoryError.
This adapts the allocation process to start from either end of the heap
when searching for free space. The default behavior is identical to the
existing behavior where it starts with the lowest block and looks higher.
Now it can also look from the highest block and lower depending on the
long_lived parameter to gc_alloc. As the heap fills, the two sections may
overlap. When they overlap, a collect may be triggered in order to keep
the long lived section compact. However, free space is always eligable
for each type of allocation.
By starting from either of the end of the heap we have ability to separate
short lived objects from long lived ones. This separation reduces heap
fragmentation because long lived objects are easy to densely pack.
Most objects are short lived initially but may be made long lived when
they are referenced by a type or module. This involves copying the
memory and then letting the collect phase free the old portion.
QSTR pools and chunks are always long lived because they are never freed.
The reallocation, collection and free processes are largely unchanged. They
simply also maintain an index to the highest free block as well as the lowest.
These indices are used to speed up the allocation search until the next collect.
In practice, this change may slightly slow down import statements with the
benefit that memory is much less fragmented afterwards. For example, a test
import into a 20k heap that leaves ~6k free previously had the largest
continuous free space of ~400 bytes. After this change, the largest continuous
free space is over 3400 bytes.
The nan-boxing representation has an extra 16-bits of space to store
small-int values, and making use of it allows to create and manipulate full
32-bit positive integers (ie up to 0xffffffff) without using the heap.
This patch simplifies the str creation API to favour the common case of
creating a str object that is not forced to be interned. To force
interning of a new str the new mp_obj_new_str_via_qstr function is added,
and should only be used if warranted.
Apart from simplifying the mp_obj_new_str function (and making it have the
same signature as mp_obj_new_bytes), this patch also reduces code size by a
bit (-16 bytes for bare-arm and roughly -40 bytes on the bare-metal archs).
These are now returned as "operation not supported" instead of raising
TypeError. In particular, this fixes equality for float vs incompatible
types, which now properly results in False instead of exception. This
also paves the road to support reverse operation (e.g. __radd__) with
float objects.
This is achieved by introducing mp_obj_get_float_maybe(), similar to
existing mp_obj_get_int_maybe().
NotImplemented means "try other fallbacks (like calling __rop__
instead of __op__) and if nothing works, raise TypeError". As
MicroPython doesn't implement any fallbacks, signal to raise
TypeError right away.
The unary-op/binary-op enums are already defined, and there are no
arithmetic tricks used with these types, so it makes sense to use the
correct enum type for arguments that take these values. It also reduces
code size quite a bit for nan-boxing builds.
The code conventions suggest using header guards, but do not define how
those should look like and instead point to existing files. However, not
all existing files follow the same scheme, sometimes omitting header guards
altogether, sometimes using non-standard names, making it easy to
accidentally pick a "wrong" example.
This commit ensures that all header files of the MicroPython project (that
were not simply copied from somewhere else) follow the same pattern, that
was already present in the majority of files, especially in the py folder.
The rules are as follows.
Naming convention:
* start with the words MICROPY_INCLUDED
* contain the full path to the file
* replace special characters with _
In addition, there are no empty lines before #ifndef, between #ifndef and
one empty line before #endif. #endif is followed by a comment containing
the name of the guard macro.
py/grammar.h cannot use header guards by design, since it has to be
included multiple times in a single C file. Several other files also do not
need header guards as they are only used internally and guaranteed to be
included only once:
* MICROPY_MPHALPORT_H
* mpconfigboard.h
* mpconfigport.h
* mpthreadport.h
* pin_defs_*.h
* qstrdefs*.h
Fixes for stmhal USB mass storage, lwIP bindings and VFS regressions
This release provides an important fix for the USB mass storage device in
the stmhal port by implementing the SCSI SYNCHRONIZE_CACHE command, which
is now require by some Operating Systems. There are also fixes for the
lwIP bindings to improve non-blocking sockets and error codes. The VFS has
some regressions fixed including the ability to statvfs the root.
All changes are listed below.
py core:
- modbuiltins: add core-provided version of input() function
- objstr: catch case of negative "maxsplit" arg to str.rsplit()
- persistentcode: allow to compile with complex numbers disabled
- objstr: allow to compile with obj-repr D, and unicode disabled
- modsys: allow to compile with obj-repr D and PY_ATTRTUPLE disabled
- provide mp_decode_uint_skip() to help reduce stack usage
- makeqstrdefs.py: make script run correctly with Python 2.6
- objstringio: if created from immutable object, follow copy on write policy
extmod:
- modlwip: connect: for non-blocking mode, return EINPROGRESS
- modlwip: fix error codes for duplicate calls to connect()
- modlwip: accept: fix error code for non-blocking mode
- vfs: allow to statvfs the root directory
- vfs: allow "buffering" and "encoding" args to VFS's open()
- modframebuf: fix signed/unsigned comparison pendantic warning
lib:
- libm: use isfinite instead of finitef, for C99 compatibility
- utils/interrupt_char: remove support for KBD_EXCEPTION disabled
tests:
- basics/string_rsplit: add tests for negative "maxsplit" argument
- float: convert "sys.exit()" to "raise SystemExit"
- float/builtin_float_minmax: PEP8 fixes
- basics: convert "sys.exit()" to "raise SystemExit"
- convert remaining "sys.exit()" to "raise SystemExit"
unix port:
- convert to use core-provided version of built-in import()
- Makefile: replace references to make with $(MAKE)
windows port:
- convert to use core-provided version of built-in import()
qemu-arm port:
- Makefile: adjust object-file lists to get correct dependencies
- enable micropython.mem_*() functions to allow more tests
stmhal port:
- boards: enable DAC for NUCLEO_F767ZI board
- add support for NUCLEO_F446RE board
- pass USB handler as parameter to allow more than one USB handler
- usb: use local USB handler variable in Start-of-Frame handler
- usb: make state for USB device private to top-level USB driver
- usbdev: for MSC implement SCSI SYNCHRONIZE_CACHE command
- convert from using stmhal's input() to core provided version
cc3200 port:
- convert from using stmhal's input() to core provided version
teensy port:
- convert from using stmhal's input() to core provided version
esp8266 port:
- Makefile: replace references to make with $(MAKE)
- Makefile: add clean-modules target
- convert from using stmhal's input() to core provided version
zephyr port:
- modusocket: getaddrinfo: Fix mp_obj_len() usage
- define MICROPY_PY_SYS_PLATFORM (to "zephyr")
- machine_pin: use native Zephyr types for Zephyr API calls
docs:
- machine.Pin: remove out_value() method
- machine.Pin: add on() and off() methods
- esp8266: consistently replace Pin.high/low methods with .on/off
- esp8266/quickref: polish Pin.on()/off() examples
- network: move confusingly-named cc3200 Server class to its reference
- uos: deconditionalize, remove minor port-specific details
- uos: move cc3200 port legacy VFS mounting functions to its ref doc
- machine: sort machine classes in logical order, not alphabetically
- network: first step to describe standard network class interface
examples:
- embedding: use core-provided KeyboardInterrupt object
The common cases for inheritance are 0 or 1 parent types, for both built-in
types (eg built-in exceptions) as well as user defined types. So it makes
sense to optimise the case of 1 parent type by storing just the type and
not a tuple of 1 value (that value being the single parent type).
This patch makes such an optimisation. Even though there is a bit more
code to handle the two cases (either a single type or a tuple with 2 or
more values) it helps reduce overall code size because it eliminates the
need to create a static tuple to hold single parents (eg for the built-in
exceptions). It also helps reduce RAM usage for user defined types that
only derive from a single parent.
Changes in code size (in bytes) due to this patch:
bare-arm: -16
minimal (x86): -176
unix (x86-64): -320
unix nanbox: -384
stmhal: -64
cc3200: -32
esp8266: -108
Hashing of float and complex numbers that are exact (real) integers should
return the same integer hash value as hashing the corresponding integer
value. Eg hash(1), hash(1.0) and hash(1+0j) should all be the same (this
is how Python is specified: if x==y then hash(x)==hash(y)).
This patch implements the simplest way of doing float/complex hashing by
just converting the value to int and returning that value.
The first memmove now copies less bytes in some cases (because len_adj <=
slice_len), and the memcpy is replaced with memmove to support the
possibility that dest and slice regions are overlapping.
This patch changes mp_uint_t to size_t for the len argument of the
following public facing C functions:
mp_obj_tuple_get
mp_obj_list_get
mp_obj_get_array
These functions take a pointer to the len argument (to be filled in by the
function) and callers of these functions should update their code so the
type of len is changed to size_t. For ports that don't use nan-boxing
there should be no change in generate code because the size of the type
remains the same (word sized), and in a lot of cases there won't even be a
compiler warning if the type remains as mp_uint_t.
The reason for this change is to standardise on the use of size_t for
variables that count memory (or memory related) sizes/lengths. It helps
builds that use nan-boxing.
It improves readability of code and reduces the chance to make a mistake.
This patch also fixes a bug with nan-boxing builds by rounding up the
calculation of the new NSLOTS variable, giving the correct number of slots
(being 4) even if mp_obj_t is larger than the native machine size.
Allows to iterate over the following without allocating on the heap:
- tuple
- list
- string, bytes
- bytearray, array
- dict (not dict.keys, dict.values, dict.items)
- set, frozenset
Allows to call the following without heap memory:
- all, any, min, max, sum
TODO: still need to allocate stack memory in bytecode for iter_buf.
