Merge branch 'main' into getpass

docs/redirects.txt

@@ -152,7 +152,6 @@ shared-bindings/ustack/__init__.rst shared-bindings/ustack/
 shared-bindings/vectorio/Circle.rst shared-bindings/vectorio/#vectorio.Circle
 shared-bindings/vectorio/Polygon.rst shared-bindings/vectorio/#vectorio.Polygon
 shared-bindings/vectorio/Rectangle.rst shared-bindings/vectorio/#vectorio.Rectangle
-shared-bindings/vectorio/VectorShape.rst shared-bindings/vectorio/#vectorio.VectorShape
 shared-bindings/vectorio/__init__.rst shared-bindings/vectorio/
 shared-bindings/watchdog/WatchDogMode.rst shared-bindings/watchdog/#watchdog.WatchDogMode
 shared-bindings/watchdog/WatchDogTimer.rst shared-bindings/watchdog/#watchdog.WatchDogTimer

locale/circuitpython.pot

@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ msgid ""
 "https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython/issues\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: py/obj.c shared-module/traceback/__init__.c
+#: py/obj.c
 msgid "  File \"%q\""
 msgstr ""
 
-#: py/obj.c shared-module/traceback/__init__.c
+#: py/obj.c
 msgid "  File \"%q\", line %d"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -318,11 +318,15 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "'yield' outside function"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: shared-module/vectorio/VectorShape.c
+msgid "(x,y) integers required"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: py/compile.c
 msgid "*x must be assignment target"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: py/obj.c shared-module/traceback/__init__.c
+#: py/obj.c
 msgid ", in %q\n"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2211,7 +2215,7 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Touch alarms not available"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: py/obj.c shared-module/traceback/__init__.c
+#: py/obj.c
 msgid "Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3453,10 +3457,6 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "lhs and rhs should be compatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: shared-bindings/traceback/__init__.c
-msgid "limit should be an int"
-msgstr ""
-
 #: py/emitnative.c
 msgid "local '%q' has type '%q' but source is '%q'"
 msgstr ""
@@ -4314,7 +4314,7 @@ msgid "unreadable attribute"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: shared-bindings/displayio/TileGrid.c shared-bindings/vectorio/VectorShape.c
-#: shared-module/vectorio/Polygon.c
+#: shared-module/vectorio/Polygon.c shared-module/vectorio/VectorShape.c
 msgid "unsupported %q type"
 msgstr ""
 

locale/pt_BR.po

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
 "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-01-04 12:55-0600\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-07-24 15:35+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-08-08 05:33+0000\n"
 "Last-Translator: Wellington Terumi Uemura <wellingtonuemura@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: \n"
 "Language: pt_BR\n"
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
-"X-Generator: Weblate 4.7.2-dev\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 4.8-dev\n"
 
 #: main.c
 msgid ""
@@ -3164,7 +3164,7 @@ msgstr "o arquivo deve ser um arquivo aberto no modo byte"
 
 #: shared-bindings/traceback/__init__.c
 msgid "file write is not available"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "a gravação de arquivos não está disponível"
 
 #: shared-bindings/storage/__init__.c
 msgid "filesystem must provide mount method"
@@ -3456,7 +3456,7 @@ msgstr "element_size %d é inválido, deve ser, 1, 2, ou 4"
 
 #: shared-bindings/traceback/__init__.c
 msgid "invalid exception"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "exceção inválida"
 
 #: extmod/modframebuf.c
 msgid "invalid format"
@@ -3497,7 +3497,7 @@ msgstr "sintaxe inválida para o número"
 
 #: py/objexcept.c shared-bindings/traceback/__init__.c
 msgid "invalid traceback"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "rastreamento inválido"
 
 #: py/objtype.c
 msgid "issubclass() arg 1 must be a class"
@@ -3548,7 +3548,7 @@ msgstr "o lhs e rhs devem ser compatíveis"
 
 #: shared-bindings/traceback/__init__.c
 msgid "limit should be an int"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "o limite deve ser um inteiro"
 
 #: py/emitnative.c
 msgid "local '%q' has type '%q' but source is '%q'"

ports/atmel-samd/boards/grandcentral_m4_express/pins.c

@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t board_global_dict_table[] = {
     { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_D10),  MP_ROM_PTR(&pin_PB22) },
     { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_D11),  MP_ROM_PTR(&pin_PB23) },
     { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_D12),  MP_ROM_PTR(&pin_PB00) },
+
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_LED), MP_ROM_PTR(&pin_PB01) },
     { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_D13), MP_ROM_PTR(&pin_PB01) },
 
     { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_TX3), MP_ROM_PTR(&pin_PB16) },

ports/esp32s2/boards/atmegazero_esp32s2/pins.c

@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t board_global_dict_table[] = {
     { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_DAC1), MP_ROM_PTR(&pin_GPIO17) },
     { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_DAC2), MP_ROM_PTR(&pin_GPIO18) },
 
-    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_MISO), MP_ROM_PTR(&pin_GPIO35) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_MISO), MP_ROM_PTR(&pin_GPIO37) },
     { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_SCK), MP_ROM_PTR(&pin_GPIO36) },
-    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_MOSI), MP_ROM_PTR(&pin_GPIO37) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_MOSI), MP_ROM_PTR(&pin_GPIO35) },
 
     { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_NEOPIXEL), MP_ROM_PTR(&pin_GPIO40) },
 

py/builtinhelp.c

@@ -131,10 +131,7 @@ STATIC void mp_help_print_modules(void) {
 
     #if MICROPY_ENABLE_EXTERNAL_IMPORT
     // let the user know there may be other modules available from the filesystem
-    const compressed_string_t *compressed = translate("Plus any modules on the filesystem\n");
+    mp_printf(MP_PYTHON_PRINTER, "%S", translate("Plus any modules on the filesystem\n"));
-    char decompressed[decompress_length(compressed)];
-    decompress(compressed, decompressed);
-    mp_print_str(MP_PYTHON_PRINTER, decompressed);
     #endif
 }
 #endif
@@ -150,18 +147,10 @@ STATIC void mp_help_print_obj(const mp_obj_t obj) {
     const mp_obj_type_t *type = mp_obj_get_type(obj);
 
     // try to print something sensible about the given object
-    const compressed_string_t *compressed = translate("object ");
+    mp_cprintf(MP_PYTHON_PRINTER, translate("object "));
-    char decompressed_object[decompress_length(compressed)];
-    decompress(compressed, decompressed_object);
-
-    mp_print_str(MP_PYTHON_PRINTER, decompressed_object);
     mp_obj_print(obj, PRINT_STR);
 
-    compressed = translate(" is of type %q\n");
+    mp_cprintf(MP_PYTHON_PRINTER, translate(" is of type %q\n"), type->name);
-    char decompressed_typestring[decompress_length(compressed)];
-    decompress(compressed, decompressed_typestring);
-
-    mp_printf(MP_PYTHON_PRINTER, decompressed_typestring, type->name);
 
     mp_map_t *map = NULL;
     if (type == &mp_type_module) {
@@ -186,11 +175,9 @@ STATIC void mp_help_print_obj(const mp_obj_t obj) {
 STATIC mp_obj_t mp_builtin_help(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *args) {
     if (n_args == 0) {
         // print a general help message. Translate only works on single strings on one line.
-        const compressed_string_t *compressed =
+        mp_cprintf(MP_PYTHON_PRINTER,
-            translate("Welcome to Adafruit CircuitPython %s!\n\nPlease visit learn.adafruit.com/category/circuitpython for project guides.\n\nTo list built-in modules please do `help(\"modules\")`.\n");
+            translate("Welcome to Adafruit CircuitPython %s!\n\nPlease visit learn.adafruit.com/category/circuitpython for project guides.\n\nTo list built-in modules please do `help(\"modules\")`.\n"),
-        char decompressed[decompress_length(compressed)];
+            MICROPY_GIT_TAG);
-        decompress(compressed, decompressed);
-        mp_printf(MP_PYTHON_PRINTER, decompressed, MICROPY_GIT_TAG);
     } else {
         // try to print something sensible about the given object
         mp_help_print_obj(args[0]);

py/mpprint.c

@@ -376,6 +376,13 @@ int mp_print_float(const mp_print_t *print, mp_float_t f, char fmt, int flags, c
 }
 #endif
 
+static int print_str_common(const mp_print_t *print, const char *str, int prec, size_t len, int flags, int fill, int width) {
+    if (prec >= 0 && (size_t)prec < len) {
+        len = prec;
+    }
+    return mp_print_strn(print, str, len, flags, fill, width);
+}
+
 int mp_printf(const mp_print_t *print, const char *fmt, ...) {
     va_list ap;
     va_start(ap, fmt);
@@ -484,19 +491,24 @@ int mp_vprintf(const mp_print_t *print, const char *fmt, va_list args) {
                 qstr qst = va_arg(args, qstr);
                 size_t len;
                 const char *str = (const char *)qstr_data(qst, &len);
-                if (prec >= 0 && (size_t)prec < len) {
+                chrs += print_str_common(print, str, prec, len, flags, fill, width);
-                    len = prec;
+                break;
-                }
+            }
-                chrs += mp_print_strn(print, str, len, flags, fill, width);
+            case 'S': {
+                compressed_string_t *arg = va_arg(args, compressed_string_t *);
+                size_t len_with_nul = decompress_length(arg);
+                size_t len = len_with_nul - 1;
+                char str[len_with_nul];
+                decompress(arg, str);
+                chrs += print_str_common(print, str, prec, len, flags, fill, width);
                 break;
             }
             case 's': {
                 const char *str = va_arg(args, const char *);
                 #ifndef NDEBUG
                 // With debugging enabled, catch printing of null string pointers
-                if (prec != 0 && str == NULL) {
+                if (str == NULL) {
-                    chrs += mp_print_strn(print, "(null)", 6, flags, fill, width);
+                    str = "(null)";
-                    break;
                 }
                 #endif
                 size_t len = strlen(str);
@@ -574,3 +586,19 @@ int mp_vprintf(const mp_print_t *print, const char *fmt, va_list args) {
     }
     return chrs;
 }
+
+int mp_cprintf(const mp_print_t *print, const compressed_string_t *compressed_fmt, ...) {
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap, compressed_fmt);
+    int ret = mp_vcprintf(print, compressed_fmt, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int mp_vcprintf(const mp_print_t *print, const compressed_string_t *compressed_fmt, va_list args) {
+    char fmt[decompress_length(compressed_fmt)];
+    // TODO: Optimise this to format-while-decompressing (and not require the temp stack space).
+    decompress(compressed_fmt, fmt);
+
+    return mp_vprintf(print, fmt, args);
+}

py/mpprint.h

@@ -71,4 +71,10 @@ int mp_printf(const mp_print_t *print, const char *fmt, ...);
 int mp_vprintf(const mp_print_t *print, const char *fmt, va_list args);
 #endif
 
+struct compressed_string;
+int mp_cprintf(const mp_print_t *print, const struct compressed_string *compressed_fmt, ...);
+#ifdef va_start
+int mp_vcprintf(const mp_print_t *print, const struct compressed_string *compressed_fmt, va_list args);
+#endif
+
 #endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_PY_MPPRINT_H

py/obj.c

@@ -143,41 +143,55 @@ void mp_obj_print(mp_obj_t o_in, mp_print_kind_t kind) {
 }
 
 // helper function to print an exception with traceback
-void mp_obj_print_exception(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t exc) {
+void mp_obj_print_exception_with_limit(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t exc, mp_int_t limit) {
     if (mp_obj_is_exception_instance(exc) && stack_ok()) {
         size_t n, *values;
         mp_obj_exception_get_traceback(exc, &n, &values);
         if (n > 0) {
             assert(n % 3 == 0);
-            // Decompress the format strings
-            const compressed_string_t *traceback = MP_ERROR_TEXT("Traceback (most recent call last):\n");
-            char decompressed[decompress_length(traceback)];
-            decompress(traceback, decompressed);
             #if MICROPY_ENABLE_SOURCE_LINE
             const compressed_string_t *frame = MP_ERROR_TEXT("  File \"%q\", line %d");
             #else
             const compressed_string_t *frame = MP_ERROR_TEXT("  File \"%q\"");
             #endif
-            char decompressed_frame[decompress_length(frame)];
-            decompress(frame, decompressed_frame);
             const compressed_string_t *block_fmt = MP_ERROR_TEXT(", in %q\n");
-            char decompressed_block[decompress_length(block_fmt)];
+
-            decompress(block_fmt, decompressed_block);
+            // Set traceback formatting
+            // Default: Print full traceback
+            limit = limit * 3;
+            mp_int_t i = n - 3, j;
+            if (limit > 0) {
+                // Print upto limit traceback
+                // entries from caller's frame
+                if ((unsigned)limit > n) {
+                    limit = n;
+                }
+                limit = n - limit;
+            } else if (limit < 0) {
+                // Print upto limit traceback
+                // entries from last
+                if ((unsigned)-limit > n) {
+                    limit = -n;
+                }
+                i = 0, limit = limit + 3;
+            }
 
             // Print the traceback
-            mp_print_str(print, decompressed);
+            mp_cprintf(print, MP_ERROR_TEXT("Traceback (most recent call last):\n"));
-            for (int i = n - 3; i >= 0; i -= 3) {
+
+            for (; i >= limit; i -= 3) {
+                j = (i < 0) ? -i : i;
                 #if MICROPY_ENABLE_SOURCE_LINE
-                mp_printf(print, decompressed_frame, values[i], (int)values[i + 1]);
+                mp_cprintf(print, frame, values[j], (int)values[j + 1]);
                 #else
-                mp_printf(print, decompressed_frame, values[i]);
+                mp_cprintf(print, frame, values[j]);
                 #endif
-                // the block name can be NULL if it's unknown
+                // The block name can be NULL if it's unknown
-                qstr block = values[i + 2];
+                qstr block = values[j + 2];
                 if (block == MP_QSTRnull) {
                     mp_print_str(print, "\n");
                 } else {
-                    mp_printf(print, decompressed_block, block);
+                    mp_cprintf(print, block_fmt, block);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -186,6 +200,10 @@ void mp_obj_print_exception(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t exc) {
     mp_print_str(print, "\n");
 }
 
+void mp_obj_print_exception(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t exc) {
+    mp_obj_print_exception_with_limit(print, exc, 0);
+}
+
 bool PLACE_IN_ITCM(mp_obj_is_true)(mp_obj_t arg) {
     if (arg == mp_const_false) {
         return 0;

py/obj.h

@@ -888,6 +888,7 @@ mp_obj_t mp_obj_cast_to_native_base(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_const_obj_t native_type
 void mp_obj_print_helper(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t o_in, mp_print_kind_t kind);
 void mp_obj_print(mp_obj_t o, mp_print_kind_t kind);
 void mp_obj_print_exception(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t exc);
+void mp_obj_print_exception_with_limit(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t exc, mp_int_t limit);
 
 bool mp_obj_is_true(mp_obj_t arg);
 bool mp_obj_is_callable(mp_obj_t o_in);

py/objexcept.c

@@ -465,12 +465,9 @@ mp_obj_t mp_obj_new_exception_msg_vlist(const mp_obj_type_t *exc_type, const com
         o_str->data = NULL;
     } else {
         // We have some memory to format the string.
-        // TODO: Optimise this to format-while-decompressing (and not require the temp stack space).
         struct _exc_printer_t exc_pr = {!used_emg_buf, o_str_alloc, 0, o_str_buf};
         mp_print_t print = {&exc_pr, exc_add_strn};
-        char fmt_decompressed[decompress_length(fmt)];
+        mp_vcprintf(&print, fmt, ap);
-        decompress(fmt, fmt_decompressed);
-        mp_vprintf(&print, fmt_decompressed, ap);
         exc_pr.buf[exc_pr.len] = '\0';
         o_str->len = exc_pr.len;
         o_str->data = exc_pr.buf;

shared-bindings/displayio/Group.c

@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ const mp_obj_property_t displayio_group_y_obj = {
               MP_ROM_NONE},
 };
 
-//|     def append(self, layer: Union[vectorio.VectorShape, Group, TileGrid]) -> None:
+//|     def append(self, layer: Union[vectorio.Circle, vectorio.Rectangle, vectorio.Polygon, Group, TileGrid]) -> None:
 //|         """Append a layer to the group. It will be drawn above other layers."""
 //|         ...
 //|
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t displayio_group_obj_append(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t layer) {
 }
 MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(displayio_group_append_obj, displayio_group_obj_append);
 
-//|     def insert(self, index: int, layer: Union[vectorio.VectorShape, Group, TileGrid]) -> None:
+//|     def insert(self, index: int, layer: Union[vectorio.Circle, vectorio.Rectangle, vectorio.Polygon, Group, TileGrid]) -> None:
 //|         """Insert a layer into the group."""
 //|         ...
 //|
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t displayio_group_obj_insert(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t index_obj,
 MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_3(displayio_group_insert_obj, displayio_group_obj_insert);
 
 
-//|     def index(self, layer: Union[vectorio.VectorShape, Group, TileGrid]) -> int:
+//|     def index(self, layer: Union[vectorio.Circle, vectorio.Rectangle, vectorio.Polygon, Group, TileGrid]) -> int:
 //|         """Returns the index of the first copy of layer. Raises ValueError if not found."""
 //|         ...
 //|
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t displayio_group_obj_index(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t layer) {
 }
 MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(displayio_group_index_obj, displayio_group_obj_index);
 
-//|     def pop(self, i: int = -1) -> Union[vectorio.VectorShape, Group, TileGrid]:
+//|     def pop(self, i: int = -1) -> Union[vectorio.Circle, vectorio.Rectangle, vectorio.Polygon, Group, TileGrid]:
 //|         """Remove the ith item and return it."""
 //|         ...
 //|
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t displayio_group_obj_pop(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args,
 MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(displayio_group_pop_obj, 1, displayio_group_obj_pop);
 
 
-//|     def remove(self, layer: Union[vectorio.VectorShape, Group, TileGrid]) -> None:
+//|     def remove(self, layer: Union[vectorio.Circle, vectorio.Rectangle, vectorio.Polygon, Group, TileGrid]) -> None:
 //|         """Remove the first copy of layer. Raises ValueError if it is not present."""
 //|         ...
 //|
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t group_unary_op(mp_unary_op_t op, mp_obj_t self_in) {
     }
 }
 
-//|     def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> Union[vectorio.VectorShape, Group, TileGrid]:
+//|     def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> Union[vectorio.Circle, vectorio.Rectangle, vectorio.Polygon, Group, TileGrid]:
 //|         """Returns the value at the given index.
 //|
 //|         This allows you to::
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t group_unary_op(mp_unary_op_t op, mp_obj_t self_in) {
 //|           print(group[0])"""
 //|         ...
 //|
-//|     def __setitem__(self, index: int, value: Union[vectorio.VectorShape, Group, TileGrid]) -> None:
+//|     def __setitem__(self, index: int, value: Union[vectorio.Circle, vectorio.Rectangle, vectorio.Polygon, Group, TileGrid]) -> None:
 //|         """Sets the value at the given index.
 //|
 //|         This allows you to::

shared-bindings/traceback/__init__.c

@@ -38,6 +38,75 @@
 //| ...
 //|
 
+STATIC void traceback_exception_common(mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t value, mp_obj_t tb_obj, mp_obj_t limit_obj) {
+    if (!mp_obj_is_exception_instance(value)) {
+        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("invalid exception"));
+    }
+    mp_obj_exception_t exc = *(mp_obj_exception_t *)MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(value);
+
+    mp_int_t limit = 0;
+    bool print_tb = true;
+    if (limit_obj != mp_const_none) {
+        limit = mp_obj_get_int(limit_obj);
+        print_tb = (limit != 0);
+    }
+
+    if (tb_obj != mp_const_none && print_tb) {
+        if (!mp_obj_is_type(tb_obj, &mp_type_traceback)) {
+            mp_raise_TypeError(translate("invalid traceback"));
+        }
+        exc.traceback = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(tb_obj);
+    } else {
+        exc.traceback = (mp_obj_traceback_t *)&mp_const_empty_traceback_obj;
+    }
+
+    shared_module_traceback_print_exception(&exc, print, limit);
+}
+
+//| def format_exception(etype: Type[BaseException], value: BaseException, tb: TracebackType,
+//|                     limit: Optional[int] = None, chain: Optional[bool] = True) -> None:
+//|     """Format a stack trace and the exception information.
+//|
+//|     The arguments have the same meaning as the corresponding arguments
+//|     to print_exception().  The return value is a list of strings, each
+//|     ending in a newline and some containing internal newlines.  When
+//|     these lines are concatenated and printed, exactly the same text is
+//|     printed as does print_exception().
+//|
+//|     .. note: Setting `chain` will have no effect as chained exceptions are not yet implemented.
+//|
+//|     :param Type[BaseException] etype: This is ignored and inferred from the type of ``value``.
+//|     :param BaseException value: The exception. Must be an instance of `BaseException`.
+//|     :param TracebackType tb: The traceback object. If `None`, the traceback will not be printed.
+//|     :param int limit: Print up to limit stack trace entries (starting from the caller’s frame) if limit is positive.
+//|                       Otherwise, print the last ``abs(limit)`` entries. If limit is omitted or None, all entries are printed.
+//|     :param bool chain: If `True` then chained exceptions will be printed (note: not yet implemented).
+//|
+//|     """
+//|     ...
+//|
+STATIC mp_obj_t traceback_format_exception(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
+    enum { ARG_etype, ARG_value, ARG_tb, ARG_limit, ARG_chain };
+    static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
+        { MP_QSTR_etype, MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_REQUIRED },
+        { MP_QSTR_value, MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_REQUIRED },
+        { MP_QSTR_tb,    MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_REQUIRED },
+        { MP_QSTR_limit, MP_ARG_OBJ,  {.u_obj = mp_const_none} },
+        { MP_QSTR_chain, MP_ARG_BOOL, {.u_bool = true} },
+    };
+
+    mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
+    mp_arg_parse_all(n_args, pos_args, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
+
+    mp_print_t print;
+    vstr_t vstr;
+    vstr_init_print(&vstr, 0, &print);
+    traceback_exception_common(&print, args[ARG_value].u_obj, args[ARG_tb].u_obj, args[ARG_limit].u_obj);
+    return mp_obj_new_str_from_vstr(&mp_type_str, &vstr);
+}
+
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(traceback_format_exception_obj, 3, traceback_format_exception);
+
 //| def print_exception(etype: Type[BaseException], value: BaseException, tb: TracebackType,
 //|                     limit: Optional[int] = None, file: Optional[io.FileIO] = None, chain: Optional[bool] = True) -> None:
 //|
@@ -57,6 +126,7 @@
 //|     """
 //|     ...
 //|
+
 STATIC mp_obj_t traceback_print_exception(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
     enum { ARG_etype, ARG_value, ARG_tb, ARG_limit, ARG_file, ARG_chain };
     static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
@@ -71,11 +141,6 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t traceback_print_exception(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_arg
     mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
     mp_arg_parse_all(n_args, pos_args, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
 
-    if (!mp_obj_is_exception_instance(args[ARG_value].u_obj)) {
-        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("invalid exception"));
-    }
-    mp_obj_exception_t exc = *(mp_obj_exception_t *)MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(args[ARG_value].u_obj);
-
     mp_print_t print = mp_plat_print;
     if (args[ARG_file].u_obj != mp_const_none) {
         #if MICROPY_PY_IO && MICROPY_PY_SYS_STDFILES
@@ -87,25 +152,7 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t traceback_print_exception(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_arg
         #endif
     }
 
-    mp_int_t limit = 0;
+    traceback_exception_common(&print, args[ARG_value].u_obj, args[ARG_tb].u_obj, args[ARG_limit].u_obj);
-    bool print_tb = true;
-    if (args[ARG_limit].u_obj != mp_const_none) {
-        if (!mp_obj_get_int_maybe(args[ARG_limit].u_obj, &limit)) {
-            mp_raise_TypeError(translate("limit should be an int"));
-        }
-        print_tb = (limit != 0);
-    }
-
-    if (args[ARG_tb].u_obj != mp_const_none && print_tb) {
-        if (!mp_obj_is_type(args[ARG_tb].u_obj, &mp_type_traceback)) {
-            mp_raise_TypeError(translate("invalid traceback"));
-        }
-        exc.traceback = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(args[ARG_tb].u_obj);
-    } else {
-        exc.traceback = NULL;
-    }
-
-    shared_module_traceback_print_exception(&exc, &print, limit);
     return mp_const_none;
 }
 STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(traceback_print_exception_obj, 3, traceback_print_exception);
@@ -114,6 +161,7 @@ STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t traceback_module_globals_table[] = {
     // module name
     { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR___name__), MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_traceback) },
     // module functions
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_format_exception), MP_ROM_PTR(&traceback_format_exception_obj) },
     { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_print_exception), MP_ROM_PTR(&traceback_print_exception_obj) },
 };
 STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(traceback_module_globals, traceback_module_globals_table);

shared-bindings/vectorio/Circle.c

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-
+#include "shared-bindings/vectorio/__init__.h"
 #include "shared-bindings/vectorio/Circle.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/vectorio/VectorShape.h"
 
 
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -11,15 +12,21 @@
 
 //| class Circle:
 //|
-//|     def __init__(self, radius: int) -> None:
+//|     def __init__(self, pixel_shader: Union[displayio.ColorConverter, displayio.Palette], radius: int, x: int, y: int) -> None:
 //|         """Circle is positioned on screen by its center point.
 //|
-//|            :param radius: The radius of the circle in pixels"""
+//|            :param pixel_shader: The pixel shader that produces colors from values
+//|            :param radius: The radius of the circle in pixels
+//|            :param x: Initial x position of the axis.
+//|            :param y: Initial y position of the axis."""
 //|
 static mp_obj_t vectorio_circle_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
-    enum { ARG_radius };
+    enum { ARG_pixel_shader, ARG_radius, ARG_x, ARG_y };
     static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
+        { MP_QSTR_pixel_shader, MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_REQUIRED },
         { MP_QSTR_radius, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_INT },
+        { MP_QSTR_x, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 0} },
+        { MP_QSTR_y, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 0} },
     };
     mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
     mp_arg_parse_all(n_args, pos_args, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
@@ -33,9 +40,22 @@ static mp_obj_t vectorio_circle_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_arg
     self->base.type = &vectorio_circle_type;
     common_hal_vectorio_circle_construct(self, radius);
 
+    // VectorShape parts
+    mp_obj_t pixel_shader = args[ARG_pixel_shader].u_obj;
+    int16_t x = args[ARG_x].u_int;
+    int16_t y = args[ARG_y].u_int;
+    mp_obj_t vector_shape = vectorio_vector_shape_make_new(self, pixel_shader, x, y);
+    self->draw_protocol_instance = vector_shape;
+
     return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(self);
 }
 
+STATIC const vectorio_draw_protocol_t circle_draw_protocol = {
+    MP_PROTO_IMPLEMENT(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw)
+    .draw_get_protocol_self = (draw_get_protocol_self_fun)common_hal_vectorio_circle_get_draw_protocol,
+    .draw_protocol_impl = &vectorio_vector_shape_draw_protocol_impl
+};
+
 
 //|     radius : int
 //|     """The radius of the circle in pixels."""
@@ -62,13 +82,22 @@ const mp_obj_property_t vectorio_circle_radius_obj = {
 
 
 STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t vectorio_circle_locals_dict_table[] = {
+    // Properties
     { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_radius), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_circle_radius_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_x), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_x_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_y), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_y_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_location), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_location_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_pixel_shader), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_pixel_shader_obj) },
 };
 STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(vectorio_circle_locals_dict, vectorio_circle_locals_dict_table);
 
 const mp_obj_type_t vectorio_circle_type = {
     { &mp_type_type },
     .name = MP_QSTR_Circle,
+    .flags = MP_TYPE_FLAG_EXTENDED,
     .make_new = vectorio_circle_make_new,
     .locals_dict = (mp_obj_dict_t *)&vectorio_circle_locals_dict,
+    MP_TYPE_EXTENDED_FIELDS(
+        .protocol = &circle_draw_protocol,
+        ),
 };

shared-bindings/vectorio/Circle.h

@@ -19,4 +19,6 @@ void common_hal_vectorio_circle_get_area(void *circle, displayio_area_t *out_are
 int16_t common_hal_vectorio_circle_get_radius(void *circle);
 void common_hal_vectorio_circle_set_radius(void *circle, int16_t radius);
 
+mp_obj_t common_hal_vectorio_circle_get_draw_protocol(void *circle);
+
 #endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_VECTORIO_CIRCLE_H

shared-bindings/vectorio/Polygon.c

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-
+#include "shared-bindings/vectorio/__init__.h"
 #include "shared-module/vectorio/__init__.h"
 #include "shared-bindings/vectorio/Polygon.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/vectorio/VectorShape.h"
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
@@ -16,15 +17,21 @@
 
 
 //| class Polygon:
-//|     def __init__(self, points: List[Tuple[int, int]]) -> None:
+//|     def __init__(self, pixel_shader: Union[displayio.ColorConverter, displayio.Palette], points: List[Tuple[int, int]], x: int, y: int) -> None:
 //|         """Represents a closed shape by ordered vertices
 //|
-//|            :param points: Vertices for the polygon"""
+//|            :param pixel_shader: The pixel shader that produces colors from values
+//|            :param points: Vertices for the polygon
+//|            :param x: Initial screen x position of the 0,0 origin in the points list.
+//|            :param y: Initial screen y position of the 0,0 origin in the points list."""
 //|
 static mp_obj_t vectorio_polygon_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
-    enum { ARG_points_list };
+    enum { ARG_pixel_shader, ARG_points_list, ARG_x, ARG_y };
     static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
+        { MP_QSTR_pixel_shader, MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_REQUIRED },
         { MP_QSTR_points, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_OBJ, {.u_obj = MP_OBJ_NULL} },
+        { MP_QSTR_x, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 0} },
+        { MP_QSTR_y, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 0} },
     };
     mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
     mp_arg_parse_all(n_args, pos_args, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
@@ -38,9 +45,22 @@ static mp_obj_t vectorio_polygon_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_ar
 
     common_hal_vectorio_polygon_construct(self, args[ARG_points_list].u_obj);
 
+    // VectorShape parts
+    mp_obj_t pixel_shader = args[ARG_pixel_shader].u_obj;
+    int16_t x = args[ARG_x].u_int;
+    int16_t y = args[ARG_y].u_int;
+    mp_obj_t vector_shape = vectorio_vector_shape_make_new(self, pixel_shader, x, y);
+    self->draw_protocol_instance = vector_shape;
+
     return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(self);
 }
 
+STATIC const vectorio_draw_protocol_t polygon_draw_protocol = {
+    MP_PROTO_IMPLEMENT(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw)
+    .draw_get_protocol_self = (draw_get_protocol_self_fun)common_hal_vectorio_polygon_get_draw_protocol,
+    .draw_protocol_impl = &vectorio_vector_shape_draw_protocol_impl
+};
+
 
 //|     points: List[Tuple[int, int]]
 //|     """Set a new look and shape for this polygon"""
@@ -67,13 +87,22 @@ const mp_obj_property_t vectorio_polygon_points_obj = {
 };
 
 STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t vectorio_polygon_locals_dict_table[] = {
+    // Properties
     { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_points), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_polygon_points_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_x), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_x_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_y), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_y_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_location), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_location_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_pixel_shader), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_pixel_shader_obj) },
 };
 STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(vectorio_polygon_locals_dict, vectorio_polygon_locals_dict_table);
 
 const mp_obj_type_t vectorio_polygon_type = {
     { &mp_type_type },
     .name = MP_QSTR_Polygon,
+    .flags = MP_TYPE_FLAG_EXTENDED,
     .make_new = vectorio_polygon_make_new,
     .locals_dict = (mp_obj_dict_t *)&vectorio_polygon_locals_dict,
+    MP_TYPE_EXTENDED_FIELDS(
+        .protocol = &polygon_draw_protocol,
+        ),
 };

shared-bindings/vectorio/Polygon.h

@@ -20,5 +20,7 @@ void common_hal_vectorio_polygon_get_area(void *polygon, displayio_area_t *out_a
 mp_obj_t common_hal_vectorio_polygon_get_points(vectorio_polygon_t *self);
 void common_hal_vectorio_polygon_set_points(vectorio_polygon_t *self, mp_obj_t points_list);
 
+mp_obj_t common_hal_vectorio_polygon_get_draw_protocol(void *polygon);
+
 
 #endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_VECTORIO_POLYGON_H

shared-bindings/vectorio/Rectangle.c

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
-
+#include "shared-bindings/vectorio/__init__.h"
 #include "shared-bindings/vectorio/Rectangle.h"
+#include "shared-module/vectorio/VectorShape.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/vectorio/VectorShape.h"
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
@@ -8,17 +10,23 @@
 #include "supervisor/shared/translate.h"
 
 //| class Rectangle:
-//|     def __init__(self, width: int, height: int) -> None:
+//|     def __init__(self, pixel_shader: Union[displayio.ColorConverter, displayio.Palette], width: int, height: int, x: int, y: int) -> None:
 //|         """Represents a rectangle by defining its bounds
 //|
+//|            :param pixel_shader: The pixel shader that produces colors from values
 //|            :param width: The number of pixels wide
-//|            :param height: The number of pixels high"""
+//|            :param height: The number of pixels high
+//|            :param x: Initial x position of the top left corner.
+//|            :param y: Initial y position of the top left corner."""
 //|
 static mp_obj_t vectorio_rectangle_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
-    enum { ARG_width, ARG_height };
+    enum { ARG_pixel_shader, ARG_width, ARG_height, ARG_x, ARG_y };
     static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
+        { MP_QSTR_pixel_shader, MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_REQUIRED },
         { MP_QSTR_width, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_INT },
         { MP_QSTR_height, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_INT },
+        { MP_QSTR_x, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 0} },
+        { MP_QSTR_y, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 0} },
     };
     mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
     mp_arg_parse_all(n_args, pos_args, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
@@ -36,17 +44,38 @@ static mp_obj_t vectorio_rectangle_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_
     self->base.type = &vectorio_rectangle_type;
     common_hal_vectorio_rectangle_construct(self, width, height);
 
+    // VectorShape parts
+    mp_obj_t pixel_shader = args[ARG_pixel_shader].u_obj;
+    int16_t x = args[ARG_x].u_int;
+    int16_t y = args[ARG_y].u_int;
+    mp_obj_t vector_shape = vectorio_vector_shape_make_new(self, pixel_shader, x, y);
+    self->draw_protocol_instance = vector_shape;
+
     return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(self);
 }
 
+STATIC const vectorio_draw_protocol_t rectangle_draw_protocol = {
+    MP_PROTO_IMPLEMENT(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw)
+    .draw_get_protocol_self = (draw_get_protocol_self_fun)common_hal_vectorio_rectangle_get_draw_protocol,
+    .draw_protocol_impl = &vectorio_vector_shape_draw_protocol_impl
+};
 
 STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t vectorio_rectangle_locals_dict_table[] = {
+    // Properties
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_x), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_x_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_y), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_y_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_location), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_location_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_pixel_shader), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_pixel_shader_obj) },
 };
 STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(vectorio_rectangle_locals_dict, vectorio_rectangle_locals_dict_table);
 
 const mp_obj_type_t vectorio_rectangle_type = {
     { &mp_type_type },
     .name = MP_QSTR_Rectangle,
+    .flags = MP_TYPE_FLAG_EXTENDED,
     .make_new = vectorio_rectangle_make_new,
     .locals_dict = (mp_obj_dict_t *)&vectorio_rectangle_locals_dict,
+    MP_TYPE_EXTENDED_FIELDS(
+        .protocol = &rectangle_draw_protocol,
+        ),
 };

shared-bindings/vectorio/Rectangle.h

@@ -12,4 +12,6 @@ uint32_t common_hal_vectorio_rectangle_get_pixel(void *rectangle, int16_t x, int
 
 void common_hal_vectorio_rectangle_get_area(void *rectangle, displayio_area_t *out_area);
 
+mp_obj_t common_hal_vectorio_rectangle_get_draw_protocol(void *rectangle);
+
 #endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_VECTORIO_RECTANGLE_H

shared-bindings/vectorio/VectorShape.c

@@ -19,37 +19,16 @@
 #include "supervisor/shared/translate.h"
 
 
-//| class VectorShape:
+// shape: The shape implementation to draw.
-//|     def __init__(self, shape: Union[Polygon, Rectangle, Circle], pixel_shader: Union[displayio.ColorConverter, displayio.Palette], x: int=0, y: int=0) -> None:
+// pixel_shader: The pixel shader that produces colors from values. The shader can be a displayio.Palette(1); it will be asked to color pixel value 0.
-//|         """Binds a vector shape to a location and pixel color
+// x: Initial x position of the center axis of the shape within the parent.
-//|
+// y: Initial y position of the center axis of the shape within the parent."""
-//|            :param shape: The shape to draw.
+mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_make_new(const mp_obj_t shape, const mp_obj_t pixel_shader, int16_t x, int16_t y) {
-//|            :param pixel_shader: The pixel shader that produces colors from values
-//|            :param x: Initial x position of the center axis of the shape within the parent.
-//|            :param y: Initial y position of the center axis of the shape within the parent."""
-//|         ...
-//|
-STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
-    enum { ARG_shape, ARG_pixel_shader, ARG_x, ARG_y };
-    static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
-        { MP_QSTR_shape, MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_REQUIRED },
-        { MP_QSTR_pixel_shader, MP_ARG_OBJ | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_REQUIRED },
-        { MP_QSTR_x, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 0} },
-        { MP_QSTR_y, MP_ARG_INT | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY, {.u_int = 0} },
-    };
-    mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
-    mp_arg_parse_all(n_args, pos_args, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
-
-    mp_obj_t pixel_shader = args[ARG_pixel_shader].u_obj;
     if (!mp_obj_is_type(pixel_shader, &displayio_colorconverter_type) &&
         !mp_obj_is_type(pixel_shader, &displayio_palette_type)) {
         mp_raise_TypeError_varg(translate("unsupported %q type"), MP_QSTR_pixel_shader);
     }
 
-    int16_t x = args[ARG_x].u_int;
-    int16_t y = args[ARG_y].u_int;
-
-    mp_obj_t shape = args[ARG_shape].u_obj;
     vectorio_ishape_t ishape;
     // Wire up shape functions
     if (mp_obj_is_type(shape, &vectorio_polygon_type)) {
@@ -92,18 +71,32 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t
     return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(self);
 }
 
+vectorio_draw_protocol_impl_t vectorio_vector_shape_draw_protocol_impl = {
+    .draw_fill_area = (draw_fill_area_fun)vectorio_vector_shape_fill_area,
+    .draw_get_dirty_area = (draw_get_dirty_area_fun)vectorio_vector_shape_get_dirty_area,
+    .draw_update_transform = (draw_update_transform_fun)vectorio_vector_shape_update_transform,
+    .draw_finish_refresh = (draw_finish_refresh_fun)vectorio_vector_shape_finish_refresh,
+    .draw_get_refresh_areas = (draw_get_refresh_areas_fun)vectorio_vector_shape_get_refresh_areas,
+};
+
+
+// Stub checker does not approve of these shared properties.
+//     x: int
+//     """X position of the center point of the shape in the parent."""
+//
+STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_obj_get_x(mp_obj_t wrapper_shape) {
+    // Relies on the fact that only vector_shape impl gets matched with a VectorShape.
+    const vectorio_draw_protocol_t *draw_protocol = mp_proto_get(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw, wrapper_shape);
+    vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(draw_protocol->draw_get_protocol_self(wrapper_shape));
 
-//|     x: int
-//|     """X position of the center point of the shape in the parent."""
-//|
-STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_obj_get_x(mp_obj_t self_in) {
-    vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
     return MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_get_x(self));
 }
 MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorio_vector_shape_get_x_obj, vectorio_vector_shape_obj_get_x);
 
-STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_obj_set_x(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t x_obj) {
+STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_obj_set_x(mp_obj_t wrapper_shape, mp_obj_t x_obj) {
-    vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
+    // Relies on the fact that only vector_shape impl gets matched with a VectorShape.
+    const vectorio_draw_protocol_t *draw_protocol = mp_proto_get(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw, wrapper_shape);
+    vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(draw_protocol->draw_get_protocol_self(wrapper_shape));
 
     mp_int_t x = mp_obj_get_int(x_obj);
     common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_set_x(self, x);
@@ -119,17 +112,22 @@ const mp_obj_property_t vectorio_vector_shape_x_obj = {
 };
 
 
-//|     y: int
+//     y: int
-//|     """Y position of the center point of the shape in the parent."""
+//     """Y position of the center point of the shape in the parent."""
-//|
+//
-STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_obj_get_y(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_obj_get_y(mp_obj_t wrapper_shape) {
-    vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
+    // Relies on the fact that only vector_shape impl gets matched with a VectorShape.
+    const vectorio_draw_protocol_t *draw_protocol = mp_proto_get(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw, wrapper_shape);
+    vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(draw_protocol->draw_get_protocol_self(wrapper_shape));
+
     return MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_get_y(self));
 }
 MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorio_vector_shape_get_y_obj, vectorio_vector_shape_obj_get_y);
 
-STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_obj_set_y(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t y_obj) {
+STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_obj_set_y(mp_obj_t wrapper_shape, mp_obj_t y_obj) {
-    vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
+    // Relies on the fact that only vector_shape impl gets matched with a VectorShape.
+    const vectorio_draw_protocol_t *draw_protocol = mp_proto_get(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw, wrapper_shape);
+    vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(draw_protocol->draw_get_protocol_self(wrapper_shape));
 
     mp_int_t y = mp_obj_get_int(y_obj);
     common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_set_y(self, y);
@@ -145,17 +143,53 @@ const mp_obj_property_t vectorio_vector_shape_y_obj = {
 };
 
 
-//|     pixel_shader: Union[displayio.ColorConverter, displayio.Palette]
+//     location: Tuple[int, int]
-//|     """The pixel shader of the shape."""
+//     """location of the center point of the shape in the parent."""
-//|
+//
-STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_obj_get_pixel_shader(mp_obj_t self_in) {
+STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_obj_get_location(mp_obj_t wrapper_shape) {
-    vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
+    // Relies on the fact that only vector_shape impl gets matched with a VectorShape.
+    const vectorio_draw_protocol_t *draw_protocol = mp_proto_get(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw, wrapper_shape);
+    vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(draw_protocol->draw_get_protocol_self(wrapper_shape));
+
+    return MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_get_location(self));
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorio_vector_shape_get_location_obj, vectorio_vector_shape_obj_get_location);
+
+STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_obj_set_location(mp_obj_t wrapper_shape, mp_obj_t location_obj) {
+    // Relies on the fact that only vector_shape impl gets matched with a VectorShape.
+    const vectorio_draw_protocol_t *draw_protocol = mp_proto_get(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw, wrapper_shape);
+    vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(draw_protocol->draw_get_protocol_self(wrapper_shape));
+
+    common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_set_location(self, location_obj);
+    return mp_const_none;
+}
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(vectorio_vector_shape_set_location_obj, vectorio_vector_shape_obj_set_location);
+
+const mp_obj_property_t vectorio_vector_shape_location_obj = {
+    .base.type = &mp_type_property,
+    .proxy = {(mp_obj_t)&vectorio_vector_shape_get_location_obj,
+              (mp_obj_t)&vectorio_vector_shape_set_location_obj,
+              MP_ROM_NONE},
+};
+
+
+//     pixel_shader: Union[ColorConverter, Palette]
+//     """The pixel shader of the shape."""
+//
+STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_obj_get_pixel_shader(mp_obj_t wrapper_shape) {
+    // Relies on the fact that only vector_shape impl gets matched with a VectorShape.
+    const vectorio_draw_protocol_t *draw_protocol = mp_proto_get(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw, wrapper_shape);
+    vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(draw_protocol->draw_get_protocol_self(wrapper_shape));
+
     return common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_get_pixel_shader(self);
 }
 MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorio_vector_shape_get_pixel_shader_obj, vectorio_vector_shape_obj_get_pixel_shader);
 
-STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_obj_set_pixel_shader(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t pixel_shader) {
+STATIC mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_obj_set_pixel_shader(mp_obj_t wrapper_shape, mp_obj_t pixel_shader) {
-    vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
+    // Relies on the fact that only vector_shape impl gets matched with a VectorShape.
+    const vectorio_draw_protocol_t *draw_protocol = mp_proto_get(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw, wrapper_shape);
+    vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(draw_protocol->draw_get_protocol_self(wrapper_shape));
+
     if (!mp_obj_is_type(pixel_shader, &displayio_palette_type) && !mp_obj_is_type(pixel_shader, &displayio_colorconverter_type)) {
         mp_raise_TypeError(translate("pixel_shader must be displayio.Palette or displayio.ColorConverter"));
     }
@@ -175,16 +209,11 @@ const mp_obj_property_t vectorio_vector_shape_pixel_shader_obj = {
 
 
 STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t vectorio_vector_shape_locals_dict_table[] = {
-    // Properties
-    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_x), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_x_obj) },
-    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_y), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_y_obj) },
-    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_pixel_shader), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_pixel_shader_obj) },
 };
 STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(vectorio_vector_shape_locals_dict, vectorio_vector_shape_locals_dict_table);
 
 const mp_obj_type_t vectorio_vector_shape_type = {
     { &mp_type_type },
     .name = MP_QSTR_VectorShape,
-    .make_new = vectorio_vector_shape_make_new,
     .locals_dict = (mp_obj_dict_t *)&vectorio_vector_shape_locals_dict,
 };

shared-bindings/vectorio/VectorShape.h

@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
 #ifndef MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_VECTORIO_SHAPE_H
 #define MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_VECTORIO_SHAPE_H
 
+#include "py/objproperty.h"
+#include "py/objtuple.h"
+
+#include "shared-bindings/vectorio/__init__.h"
 #include "shared-module/vectorio/VectorShape.h"
 #include "shared-module/displayio/area.h"
 
 extern const mp_obj_type_t vectorio_vector_shape_type;
 
+// Python shared bindings constructor
+mp_obj_t vectorio_vector_shape_make_new(const mp_obj_t shape, const mp_obj_t pixel_shader, int16_t x, int16_t y);
+
+// C data constructor
 void common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_construct(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self,
     vectorio_ishape_t ishape,
     mp_obj_t pixel_shader, uint16_t x, uint16_t y);
@@ -15,13 +23,22 @@ void common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_set_dirty(void *self);
 mp_int_t common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_get_x(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self);
 void common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_set_x(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, mp_int_t x);
 
+mp_obj_tuple_t *common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_get_location(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self);
+void common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_set_location(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, mp_obj_t xy);
+
 mp_int_t common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_get_y(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self);
 void common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_set_y(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, mp_int_t y);
 
 mp_obj_t common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_get_pixel_shader(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self);
 void common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_set_pixel_shader(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, mp_obj_t pixel_shader);
 
-
 void vectorio_vector_shape_update_transform(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, displayio_buffer_transform_t *group_transform);
 
+// Composable property definition for shapes that use VectorShape
+extern vectorio_draw_protocol_impl_t vectorio_vector_shape_draw_protocol_impl;
+extern const mp_obj_property_t vectorio_vector_shape_x_obj;
+extern const mp_obj_property_t vectorio_vector_shape_y_obj;
+extern const mp_obj_property_t vectorio_vector_shape_location_obj;
+extern const mp_obj_property_t vectorio_vector_shape_pixel_shader_obj;
+
 #endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_VECTORIO_SHAPE_H

shared-bindings/vectorio/__init__.c

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include "shared-bindings/vectorio/Circle.h"
 #include "shared-bindings/vectorio/Polygon.h"
 #include "shared-bindings/vectorio/Rectangle.h"
-#include "shared-bindings/vectorio/VectorShape.h"
 
 //| """Lightweight 2d shapes for displays"""
 //|
@@ -16,7 +15,6 @@ STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t vectorio_module_globals_table[] = {
     { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_Circle), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_circle_type) },
     { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_Polygon), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_polygon_type) },
     { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_Rectangle), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_rectangle_type) },
-    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_VectorShape), MP_ROM_PTR(&vectorio_vector_shape_type) },
 };
 
 STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(vectorio_module_globals, vectorio_module_globals_table);

shared-bindings/vectorio/__init__.h

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#ifndef SHARED_MODULE_VECTORIO__INIT__H
+#define SHARED_MODULE_VECTORIO__INIT__H
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "py/obj.h"
+#include "py/proto.h"
+
+#include "shared-module/displayio/area.h"
+#include "shared-module/displayio/Palette.h"
+
+// Returns the object on which the rest of the draw protocol methods are invoked.
+typedef mp_obj_t (*draw_get_protocol_self_fun)(mp_obj_t protocol_container);
+
+typedef bool (*draw_fill_area_fun)(mp_obj_t draw_protocol_self, const _displayio_colorspace_t *colorspace, const displayio_area_t *area, uint32_t *mask, uint32_t *buffer);
+typedef bool (*draw_get_dirty_area_fun)(mp_obj_t draw_protocol_self, displayio_area_t *current_dirty_area);
+typedef void (*draw_update_transform_fun)(mp_obj_t draw_protocol_self, displayio_buffer_transform_t *group_transform);
+typedef void (*draw_finish_refresh_fun)(mp_obj_t draw_protocol_self);
+typedef displayio_area_t *(*draw_get_refresh_areas_fun)(mp_obj_t draw_protocol_self, displayio_area_t *tail);
+
+typedef struct _vectorio_draw_protocol_impl_t {
+    draw_fill_area_fun draw_fill_area;
+    draw_get_dirty_area_fun draw_get_dirty_area;
+    draw_update_transform_fun draw_update_transform;
+    draw_finish_refresh_fun draw_finish_refresh;
+    draw_get_refresh_areas_fun draw_get_refresh_areas;
+} vectorio_draw_protocol_impl_t;
+
+// Draw protocol
+typedef struct _vectorio_draw_protocol_t {
+    MP_PROTOCOL_HEAD // MP_QSTR_protocol_draw
+
+    // Instance of the draw protocol
+    draw_get_protocol_self_fun draw_get_protocol_self;
+
+    // Implementation functions for the draw protocol
+    vectorio_draw_protocol_impl_t *draw_protocol_impl;
+} vectorio_draw_protocol_t;
+
+#endif

shared-module/displayio/Group.c

@@ -144,10 +144,10 @@ static void _update_child_transforms(displayio_group_t *self) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < self->members->len; i++) {
         mp_obj_t layer;
         #if CIRCUITPY_VECTORIO
-        layer = mp_obj_cast_to_native_base(
+        const vectorio_draw_protocol_t *draw_protocol = mp_proto_get(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw, self->members->items[i]);
-            self->members->items[i], &vectorio_vector_shape_type);
+        if (draw_protocol != NULL) {
-        if (layer != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
+            layer = draw_protocol->draw_get_protocol_self(self->members->items[i]);
-            vectorio_vector_shape_update_transform(layer, &self->absolute_transform);
+            draw_protocol->draw_protocol_impl->draw_update_transform(layer, &self->absolute_transform);
             continue;
         }
         #endif
@@ -241,15 +241,14 @@ void common_hal_displayio_group_set_y(displayio_group_t *self, mp_int_t y) {
 }
 
 static void _add_layer(displayio_group_t *self, mp_obj_t layer) {
-    mp_obj_t native_layer;
     #if CIRCUITPY_VECTORIO
-    native_layer = mp_obj_cast_to_native_base(layer, &vectorio_vector_shape_type);
+    const vectorio_draw_protocol_t *draw_protocol = mp_proto_get(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw, layer);
-    if (native_layer != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
+    if (draw_protocol != NULL) {
-        vectorio_vector_shape_update_transform(native_layer, &self->absolute_transform);
+        draw_protocol->draw_protocol_impl->draw_update_transform(draw_protocol->draw_get_protocol_self(layer), &self->absolute_transform);
         return;
     }
     #endif
-    native_layer = mp_obj_cast_to_native_base(layer, &displayio_tilegrid_type);
+    mp_obj_t native_layer = mp_obj_cast_to_native_base(layer, &displayio_tilegrid_type);
     if (native_layer != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
         displayio_tilegrid_t *tilegrid = native_layer;
         if (tilegrid->in_group) {
@@ -283,12 +282,12 @@ static void _remove_layer(displayio_group_t *self, size_t index) {
     displayio_area_t layer_area;
     bool rendered_last_frame = false;
     #if CIRCUITPY_VECTORIO
-    layer = mp_obj_cast_to_native_base(
+    const vectorio_draw_protocol_t *draw_protocol = mp_proto_get(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw, self->members->items[index]);
-        self->members->items[index], &vectorio_vector_shape_type);
+    if (draw_protocol != NULL) {
-    if (layer != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
+        layer = draw_protocol->draw_get_protocol_self(self->members->items[index]);
-        bool has_dirty_area = vectorio_vector_shape_get_dirty_area(layer, &layer_area);
+        bool has_dirty_area = draw_protocol->draw_protocol_impl->draw_get_dirty_area(layer, &layer_area);
         rendered_last_frame = has_dirty_area;
-        vectorio_vector_shape_update_transform(layer, NULL);
+        draw_protocol->draw_protocol_impl->draw_update_transform(layer, NULL);
     }
     #endif
     layer = mp_obj_cast_to_native_base(
@@ -362,10 +361,10 @@ bool displayio_group_fill_area(displayio_group_t *self, const _displayio_colorsp
     for (int32_t i = self->members->len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
         mp_obj_t layer;
         #if CIRCUITPY_VECTORIO
-        layer = mp_obj_cast_to_native_base(
+        const vectorio_draw_protocol_t *draw_protocol = mp_proto_get(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw, self->members->items[i]);
-            self->members->items[i], &vectorio_vector_shape_type);
+        if (draw_protocol != NULL) {
-        if (layer != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
+            layer = draw_protocol->draw_get_protocol_self(self->members->items[i]);
-            if (vectorio_vector_shape_fill_area(layer, colorspace, area, mask, buffer)) {
+            if (draw_protocol->draw_protocol_impl->draw_fill_area(layer, colorspace, area, mask, buffer)) {
                 return true;
             }
             continue;
@@ -396,10 +395,10 @@ void displayio_group_finish_refresh(displayio_group_t *self) {
     for (int32_t i = self->members->len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
         mp_obj_t layer;
         #if CIRCUITPY_VECTORIO
-        layer = mp_obj_cast_to_native_base(
+        const vectorio_draw_protocol_t *draw_protocol = mp_proto_get(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw, self->members->items[i]);
-            self->members->items[i], &vectorio_vector_shape_type);
+        if (draw_protocol != NULL) {
-        if (layer != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
+            layer = draw_protocol->draw_get_protocol_self(self->members->items[i]);
-            vectorio_vector_shape_finish_refresh(layer);
+            draw_protocol->draw_protocol_impl->draw_finish_refresh(layer);
             continue;
         }
         #endif
@@ -427,10 +426,10 @@ displayio_area_t *displayio_group_get_refresh_areas(displayio_group_t *self, dis
     for (int32_t i = self->members->len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
         mp_obj_t layer;
         #if CIRCUITPY_VECTORIO
-        layer = mp_obj_cast_to_native_base(
+        const vectorio_draw_protocol_t *draw_protocol = mp_proto_get(MP_QSTR_protocol_draw, self->members->items[i]);
-            self->members->items[i], &vectorio_vector_shape_type);
+        if (draw_protocol != NULL) {
-        if (layer != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
+            layer = draw_protocol->draw_get_protocol_self(self->members->items[i]);
-            tail = vectorio_vector_shape_get_refresh_areas(layer, tail);
+            tail = draw_protocol->draw_protocol_impl->draw_get_refresh_areas(layer, tail);
             continue;
         }
         #endif

shared-module/traceback/__init__.c

@@ -27,67 +27,5 @@
 #include "shared-module/traceback/__init__.h"
 
 void shared_module_traceback_print_exception(mp_obj_exception_t *exc, mp_print_t *print, mp_int_t limit) {
-    // Print traceback
+    mp_obj_print_exception_with_limit(print, exc, limit);
-    if (exc->traceback != NULL) {
-        size_t n = exc->traceback->len;
-        size_t *values = exc->traceback->data;
-        if (n > 0) {
-            assert(n % 3 == 0);
-            // Decompress the format strings
-            const compressed_string_t *traceback = MP_ERROR_TEXT("Traceback (most recent call last):\n");
-            char decompressed[decompress_length(traceback)];
-            decompress(traceback, decompressed);
-            #if MICROPY_ENABLE_SOURCE_LINE
-            const compressed_string_t *frame = MP_ERROR_TEXT("  File \"%q\", line %d");
-            #else
-            const compressed_string_t *frame = MP_ERROR_TEXT("  File \"%q\"");
-            #endif
-            char decompressed_frame[decompress_length(frame)];
-            decompress(frame, decompressed_frame);
-            const compressed_string_t *block_fmt = MP_ERROR_TEXT(", in %q\n");
-            char decompressed_block[decompress_length(block_fmt)];
-            decompress(block_fmt, decompressed_block);
-
-            // Set traceback formatting
-            // Default: Print full traceback
-            limit = limit * 3;
-            mp_int_t i = n - 3, j;
-            if (limit > 0) {
-                // Print upto limit traceback
-                // entries from caller's frame
-                if ((unsigned)limit > n) {
-                    limit = n;
-                }
-                limit = n - limit;
-            } else if (limit < 0) {
-                // Print upto limit traceback
-                // entries from last
-                if ((unsigned)-limit > n) {
-                    limit = -n;
-                }
-                i = 0, limit = limit + 3;
-            }
-
-            // Print the traceback
-            mp_print_str(print, decompressed);
-            for (; i >= limit; i -= 3) {
-                j = (i < 0) ? -i : i;
-                #if MICROPY_ENABLE_SOURCE_LINE
-                mp_printf(print, decompressed_frame, values[j], (int)values[j + 1]);
-                #else
-                mp_printf(print, decompressed_frame, values[j]);
-                #endif
-                // The block name can be NULL if it's unknown
-                qstr block = values[j + 2];
-                if (block == MP_QSTRnull) {
-                    mp_print_str(print, "\n");
-                } else {
-                    mp_printf(print, decompressed_block, block);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    // Print exception
-    mp_obj_print_helper(print, exc, PRINT_EXC);
-    mp_print_str(print, "\n");
 }

shared-module/vectorio/Circle.c

@@ -59,3 +59,8 @@ void common_hal_vectorio_circle_set_radius(void *obj, int16_t radius) {
         self->on_dirty.event(self->on_dirty.obj);
     }
 }
+
+mp_obj_t common_hal_vectorio_circle_get_draw_protocol(void *circle) {
+    vectorio_circle_t *self = circle;
+    return self->draw_protocol_instance;
+}

shared-module/vectorio/Circle.h

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ typedef struct {
     mp_obj_base_t base;
     uint16_t radius;
     vectorio_event_t on_dirty;
+    mp_obj_t draw_protocol_instance;
 } vectorio_circle_t;
 
 #endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_VECTORIO_CIRCLE_H

shared-module/vectorio/Polygon.c

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 #include "shared-module/vectorio/__init__.h"
 #include "shared-bindings/vectorio/Polygon.h"
 #include "shared-module/displayio/area.h"
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@
 
 
 #define VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG(...) (void)0
-// #define VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG(...) mp_printf(&mp_plat_print __VA_OPT__(,) __VA_ARGS__)
+// #define VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG(...) mp_printf(&mp_plat_print, __VA_ARGS__)
 
 
 // Converts a list of points tuples to a flat list of ints for speedier internal use.
@@ -31,12 +30,12 @@ static void _clobber_points_list(vectorio_polygon_t *self, mp_obj_t points_tuple
             VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG("free(%d), ", sizeof(self->points_list));
             gc_free(self->points_list);
         }
-        self->points_list = gc_alloc(2 * len * sizeof(int), false, false);
+        self->points_list = gc_alloc(2 * len * sizeof(uint16_t), false, false);
-        VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG("alloc(%p, %d)", self->points_list, 2 * len * sizeof(int));
+        VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG("alloc(%p, %d)", self->points_list, 2 * len * sizeof(uint16_t));
     }
     self->len = 2 * len;
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
         size_t tuple_len = 0;
         mp_obj_t *tuple_items;
         mp_obj_tuple_get(items[i], &tuple_len, &tuple_items);
@@ -44,14 +43,19 @@ static void _clobber_points_list(vectorio_polygon_t *self, mp_obj_t points_tuple
         if (tuple_len != 2) {
             mp_raise_ValueError_varg(translate("%q must be a tuple of length 2"), MP_QSTR_point);
         }
-        if (!mp_obj_get_int_maybe(tuple_items[ 0 ], &self->points_list[2 * i    ])
+        mp_int_t x;
-            || !mp_obj_get_int_maybe(tuple_items[ 1 ], &self->points_list[2 * i + 1])
+        mp_int_t y;
+        if (!mp_obj_get_int_maybe(tuple_items[ 0 ], &x)
+            || !mp_obj_get_int_maybe(tuple_items[ 1 ], &y)
+            || x < SHRT_MIN || x > SHRT_MAX || y < SHRT_MIN || y > SHRT_MAX
             ) {
-            self->len = 0;
             gc_free(self->points_list);
             self->points_list = NULL;
             mp_raise_ValueError_varg(translate("unsupported %q type"), MP_QSTR_point);
+            self->len = 0;
         }
+        self->points_list[2 * i    ] = (int16_t)x;
+        self->points_list[2 * i + 1] = (int16_t)y;
     }
 }
 
@@ -69,16 +73,23 @@ void common_hal_vectorio_polygon_construct(vectorio_polygon_t *self, mp_obj_t po
 
 mp_obj_t common_hal_vectorio_polygon_get_points(vectorio_polygon_t *self) {
     VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG("%p common_hal_vectorio_polygon_get_points {len: %d, points_list: %p}\n", self, self->len, self->points_list);
-    mp_obj_t list = mp_obj_new_list(self->len / 2, NULL);
+    mp_obj_list_t *list = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(mp_obj_new_list(0, NULL));
+
+    VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG("  >points\n");
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < self->len; i += 2) {
+        VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG("    (%4d, %4d)\n", self->points_list[i], self->points_list[i + 1]);
+
+        mp_obj_tuple_t *pair = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(mp_obj_new_tuple(2, NULL));
+        pair->items[0] = mp_obj_new_int((mp_int_t)self->points_list[i    ]);
+        pair->items[1] = mp_obj_new_int((mp_int_t)self->points_list[i + 1]);
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->len; i += 2) {
-        mp_obj_t tuple[] = { mp_obj_new_int(self->points_list[i]), mp_obj_new_int(self->points_list[i + 1]) };
         mp_obj_list_append(
             list,
-            mp_obj_new_tuple(2, tuple)
+            pair
             );
     }
-    return list;
+    VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG("  <points\n");
+    return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(list);
 }
 void common_hal_vectorio_polygon_set_points(vectorio_polygon_t *self, mp_obj_t points_list) {
     VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG("%p common_hal_vectorio_polygon_set_points: ", self);
@@ -99,26 +110,31 @@ void common_hal_vectorio_polygon_set_on_dirty(vectorio_polygon_t *self, vectorio
 
 void common_hal_vectorio_polygon_get_area(void *polygon, displayio_area_t *area) {
     vectorio_polygon_t *self = polygon;
+    VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG("%p common_hal_vectorio_polygon_get_area\n");
 
     area->x1 = SHRT_MAX;
     area->y1 = SHRT_MAX;
     area->x2 = SHRT_MIN;
     area->y2 = SHRT_MIN;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->len; ++i) {
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < self->len; ++i) {
-        int x = self->points_list[i];
+        int16_t x = self->points_list[i];
         ++i;
-        int y = self->points_list[i];
+        int16_t y = self->points_list[i];
-        if (x <= area->x1) {
+        if (x < area->x1) {
-            area->x1 = x - 1;
+            VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG("          x1: %d\n", x);
+            area->x1 = x;
         }
-        if (y <= area->y1) {
+        if (y < area->y1) {
-            area->y1 = y - 1;
+            VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG("          y1: %d\n", y);
+            area->y1 = y;
         }
-        if (x >= area->x2) {
+        if (x > area->x2) {
-            area->x2 = x + 1;
+            VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG("          x2: %d\n", x);
+            area->x2 = x;
         }
-        if (y >= area->y2) {
+        if (y > area->y2) {
-            area->y2 = y + 1;
+            VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG("          y2: %d\n", y);
+            area->y2 = y;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -127,7 +143,7 @@ void common_hal_vectorio_polygon_get_area(void *polygon, displayio_area_t *area)
 // <0 if the point is to the left of the line vector
 //  0 if the point is on the line
 // >0 if the point is to the right of the line vector
-__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline int line_side(mp_int_t x1, mp_int_t y1, mp_int_t x2, mp_int_t y2, int16_t px, int16_t py) {
+__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline int line_side(int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2, int16_t y2, int16_t px, int16_t py) {
     return (px - x1) * (y2 - y1)
            - (py - y1) * (x2 - x1);
 }
@@ -141,14 +157,14 @@ uint32_t common_hal_vectorio_polygon_get_pixel(void *obj, int16_t x, int16_t y)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    int winding_number = 0;
+    int16_t winding_number = 0;
-    int x1 = self->points_list[0];
+    int16_t x1 = self->points_list[0];
-    int y1 = self->points_list[1];
+    int16_t y1 = self->points_list[1];
-    for (size_t i = 2; i <= self->len + 1; ++i) {
+    for (uint16_t i = 2; i <= self->len + 1; ++i) {
         VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG("  {(%3d, %3d),", x1, y1);
-        int x2 = self->points_list[i % self->len];
+        int16_t x2 = self->points_list[i % self->len];
         ++i;
-        int y2 = self->points_list[i % self->len];
+        int16_t y2 = self->points_list[i % self->len];
         VECTORIO_POLYGON_DEBUG(" (%3d, %3d)}\n", x2, y2);
         if (y1 <= y) {
             if (y2 > y && line_side(x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y) < 0) {
@@ -167,3 +183,8 @@ uint32_t common_hal_vectorio_polygon_get_pixel(void *obj, int16_t x, int16_t y)
     }
     return winding_number == 0 ? 0 : 1;
 }
+
+mp_obj_t common_hal_vectorio_polygon_get_draw_protocol(void *polygon) {
+    vectorio_polygon_t *self = polygon;
+    return self->draw_protocol_instance;
+}

shared-module/vectorio/Polygon.h

@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@
 typedef struct {
     mp_obj_base_t base;
     // An int array[ x, y, ... ]
-    int *points_list;
+    int16_t *points_list;
-    size_t len;
+    uint16_t len;
     vectorio_event_t on_dirty;
+    mp_obj_t draw_protocol_instance;
 } vectorio_polygon_t;
 
 #endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_VECTORIO_POLYGON_H

shared-module/vectorio/Rectangle.c

@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ void common_hal_vectorio_rectangle_construct(vectorio_rectangle_t *self, uint32_
 
 uint32_t common_hal_vectorio_rectangle_get_pixel(void *obj, int16_t x, int16_t y) {
     vectorio_rectangle_t *self = obj;
-    if (x < 0 || x >= self->width || y >= self->height || y < 0) {
+    if (x >= 0 && y >= 0 && x < self->width && y < self->height) {
-        return 0;
+        return 1;
     }
-    return 1;
+    return 0;
 }
 
 
@@ -32,3 +32,8 @@ uint32_t common_hal_vectorio_rectangle_get_height(void *rectangle) {
     vectorio_rectangle_t *self = rectangle;
     return self->height;
 }
+
+mp_obj_t common_hal_vectorio_rectangle_get_draw_protocol(void *rectangle) {
+    vectorio_rectangle_t *self = rectangle;
+    return self->draw_protocol_instance;
+}

shared-module/vectorio/Rectangle.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ typedef struct {
     mp_obj_base_t base;
     uint16_t width;
     uint16_t height;
+    mp_obj_t draw_protocol_instance;
 } vectorio_rectangle_t;
 
 #endif // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_MODULE_VECTORIO_RECTANGLE_H

shared-module/vectorio/VectorShape.c

@@ -15,16 +15,51 @@
 
 // Lifecycle actions.
 #define VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG(...) (void)0
-// #define VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG(...) mp_printf(&mp_plat_print __VA_OPT__(,) __VA_ARGS__)
+// #define VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG(...) mp_printf(&mp_plat_print, __VA_ARGS__)
 
 
 // Used in both logging and ifdefs, for extra variables
-// #define VECTORIO_PERF(...) mp_printf(&mp_plat_print __VA_OPT__(,) __VA_ARGS__)
+// #define VECTORIO_PERF(...) mp_printf(&mp_plat_print, __VA_ARGS__)
 
 
 // Really verbose.
 #define VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(...) (void)0
-// #define VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(...) mp_printf(&mp_plat_print __VA_OPT__(,) __VA_ARGS__)
+// #define VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(...) mp_printf(&mp_plat_print, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define U32_TO_BINARY_FMT "%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c"
+#define U32_TO_BINARY(u32)  \
+    (u32 & 0x80000000 ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x40000000 ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x20000000 ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x10000000 ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x8000000  ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x4000000  ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x2000000  ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x1000000  ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x800000   ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x400000   ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x200000   ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x100000   ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x80000    ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x40000    ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x20000    ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x10000    ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x8000     ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x4000     ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x2000     ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x1000     ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x800      ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x400      ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x200      ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x100      ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x80       ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x40       ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x20       ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x10       ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x8        ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x4        ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x2        ? '1' : '0'), \
+    (u32 & 0x1        ? '1' : '0')
 
 
 inline __attribute__((always_inline))
@@ -32,55 +67,98 @@ static int32_t max(int32_t a, int32_t b) {
     return a > b ? a : b;
 }
 
+inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+static uint32_t min(uint32_t a, uint32_t b) {
+    return a < b ? a : b;
+}
+
+inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+static void area_transpose(displayio_area_t *to_transpose) {
+    int16_t swap = to_transpose->y1;
+    to_transpose->y1 = to_transpose->x1;
+    to_transpose->x1 = swap;
+    swap = to_transpose->y2;
+    to_transpose->y2 = to_transpose->x2;
+    to_transpose->x2 = swap;
+}
 
 inline __attribute__((always_inline))
 static void _get_screen_area(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, displayio_area_t *out_area) {
-    VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p get_screen_area tform:{x:%d y:%d dx:%d dy:%d scl:%d w:%d h:%d mx:%d my:%d tr:%d}", self,
+    VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p get_screen_area (%3d,%3d) tform:{x:%d y:%d dx:%d dy:%d scl:%d w:%d h:%d mx:%d my:%d tr:%d}", self, self->x, self->y,
         self->absolute_transform->x, self->absolute_transform->y, self->absolute_transform->dx, self->absolute_transform->dy, self->absolute_transform->scale,
         self->absolute_transform->width, self->absolute_transform->height, self->absolute_transform->mirror_x, self->absolute_transform->mirror_y, self->absolute_transform->transpose_xy
         );
     self->ishape.get_area(self->ishape.shape, out_area);
     VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG(" in:{(%5d,%5d), (%5d,%5d)}", out_area->x1, out_area->y1, out_area->x2, out_area->y2);
+
+    int16_t x;
+    int16_t y;
     if (self->absolute_transform->transpose_xy) {
-        int16_t swap = out_area->x1;
+        x = self->absolute_transform->x + self->absolute_transform->dx * self->y;
-        out_area->x1 = (out_area->y1 + self->y) * self->absolute_transform->dx + self->absolute_transform->x;
+        y = self->absolute_transform->y + self->absolute_transform->dy * self->x;
-        out_area->y1 = (swap + self->x) * self->absolute_transform->dy + self->absolute_transform->y;
+        if (self->absolute_transform->dx < 1) {
-        swap = out_area->x2;
+            out_area->y1 = out_area->y1 * -1 + 1;
-        out_area->x2 = (out_area->y2 + self->y) * self->absolute_transform->dx + self->absolute_transform->x;
+            out_area->y2 = out_area->y2 * -1 + 1;
-        out_area->y2 = (swap + self->x) * self->absolute_transform->dy + self->absolute_transform->y;
+        }
+        if (self->absolute_transform->dy < 1) {
+            out_area->x1 = out_area->x1 * -1 + 1;
+            out_area->x2 = out_area->x2 * -1 + 1;
+        }
+        area_transpose(out_area);
     } else {
-        out_area->x1 = (out_area->x1 + self->x) * self->absolute_transform->dx + self->absolute_transform->x;
+        x = self->absolute_transform->x + self->absolute_transform->dx * self->x;
-        out_area->y1 = (out_area->y1 + self->y) * self->absolute_transform->dy + self->absolute_transform->y;
+        y = self->absolute_transform->y + self->absolute_transform->dy * self->y;
-        out_area->x2 = (out_area->x2 + self->x) * self->absolute_transform->dx + self->absolute_transform->x;
+
-        out_area->y2 = (out_area->y2 + self->y) * self->absolute_transform->dy + self->absolute_transform->y;
+        if (self->absolute_transform->dx < 1) {
+            out_area->x1 = out_area->x1 * -1 + 1;
+            out_area->x2 = out_area->x2 * -1 + 1;
+        }
+        if (self->absolute_transform->dy < 1) {
+            out_area->y1 = out_area->y1 * -1 + 1;
+            out_area->y2 = out_area->y2 * -1 + 1;
+        }
     }
-    // We might have mirrored due to dx
     displayio_area_canon(out_area);
+    displayio_area_shift(out_area, x, y);
+
     VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG(" out:{(%5d,%5d), (%5d,%5d)}\n", out_area->x1, out_area->y1, out_area->x2, out_area->y2);
 }
 
 
 // For use by Group to know where it needs to redraw on layer removal.
 bool vectorio_vector_shape_get_dirty_area(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, displayio_area_t *out_area) {
-    displayio_area_copy(&self->ephemeral_dirty_area, out_area);
+    out_area->x1 = out_area->x2;
+    displayio_area_union(
+        &self->ephemeral_dirty_area,
+        &self->current_area,
+        out_area
+        );
     return true; // For now just always redraw.
 }
 
 
-// This must be invoked each time a shape changes its position or its shape in any way.
+// This must be invoked after each time a shape changes its position, shape or appearance in any way.
 void common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_set_dirty(void *vector_shape) {
     vectorio_vector_shape_t *self = vector_shape;
     // In screen space.  Need to offset the shape space.
     displayio_area_t current_area;
     _get_screen_area(self, &current_area);
-    VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p shape_dirty current:{(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)} dirty:{(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)}",
+    VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p shape_dirty new:{(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)} dirty:{(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)}",
         self,
         current_area.x1, current_area.y1, current_area.x2, current_area.y2,
         self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x2, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y2);
-    self->dirty = true;
+
-    // Dirty area tracks the shape's footprint between draws.  It's reset on refresh finish,
+    bool moved = !displayio_area_equal(&current_area, &self->current_area);
-    displayio_area_union(&self->ephemeral_dirty_area, &current_area, &self->ephemeral_dirty_area);
+    if (moved) {
-    VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG(" -> expanded:{(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)}\n", self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x2, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y2);
+        displayio_area_union(&self->current_area, &self->ephemeral_dirty_area, &self->ephemeral_dirty_area);
+        VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG(" stale:{(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)} -> expanded:{(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)}\n",
+            self->current_area.x1, self->current_area.y1, self->current_area.x2, self->current_area.y2,
+            self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x2, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y2);
+
+        // Dirty area tracks the shape's footprint between draws.  It's reset on refresh finish.
+        displayio_area_copy(&current_area, &self->current_area);
+    }
+    self->current_area_dirty = true;
 }
 
 
@@ -92,10 +170,11 @@ void common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_construct(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self,
     self->y = y;
     self->pixel_shader = pixel_shader;
     self->ishape = ishape;
-    self->dirty = true;
     self->absolute_transform = &null_transform; // Critical to have a valid transform before getting screen area.
-    _get_screen_area(self, &self->ephemeral_dirty_area);
+    self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x1 = self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x2; // Cheat to set area to 0
     self->ephemeral_dirty_area.next = NULL;
+    self->current_area_dirty = true;
+    _get_screen_area(self, &self->current_area);
 }
 
 
@@ -130,6 +209,37 @@ void common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_set_y(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, mp_in
     common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_set_dirty(self);
 }
 
+mp_obj_tuple_t *common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_get_location(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self) {
+    VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p get_location\n", self);
+    mp_obj_tuple_t *pair = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(mp_obj_new_tuple(2, NULL));
+    pair->items[0] = mp_obj_new_int((mp_int_t)self->x);
+    pair->items[1] = mp_obj_new_int((mp_int_t)self->y);
+    return pair;
+}
+
+
+void common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_set_location(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, mp_obj_t xy) {
+    VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p set_location\n", self);
+    size_t tuple_len = 0;
+    mp_obj_t *tuple_items;
+    mp_obj_tuple_get(xy, &tuple_len, &tuple_items);
+    if (tuple_len != 2) {
+        mp_raise_TypeError_varg(translate("(x,y) integers required"));
+    }
+
+    mp_int_t x;
+    mp_int_t y;
+    if (!mp_obj_get_int_maybe(tuple_items[ 0 ], &x)
+        || !mp_obj_get_int_maybe(tuple_items[ 1 ], &y)
+        || x < SHRT_MIN || x > SHRT_MAX || y < SHRT_MIN || y > SHRT_MAX
+        ) {
+        mp_raise_ValueError_varg(translate("unsupported %q type"), MP_QSTR_point);
+    }
+    self->x = (int16_t)x;
+    self->y = (int16_t)y;
+    common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_set_dirty(self);
+}
+
 
 mp_obj_t common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_get_pixel_shader(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self) {
     VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p get_pixel_shader\n", self);
@@ -153,13 +263,12 @@ bool vectorio_vector_shape_fill_area(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, const _displ
     uint64_t start = common_hal_time_monotonic_ns();
     uint64_t pixel_time = 0;
     #endif
-    displayio_area_t overlap;
+    VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p fill_area: fill: {(%5d,%5d), (%5d,%5d)}",
-    VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p fill_area dirty:%d fill: {(%5d,%5d), (%5d,%5d)} dirty: {(%5d,%5d), (%5d,%5d)}",
+        self,
-        self, self->dirty,
+        area->x1, area->y1, area->x2, area->y2
-        area->x1, area->y1, area->x2, area->y2,
-        self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x2, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y2
         );
-    if (!displayio_area_compute_overlap(area, &self->ephemeral_dirty_area, &overlap)) {
+    displayio_area_t overlap;
+    if (!displayio_area_compute_overlap(area, &self->current_area, &overlap)) {
         VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG(" no overlap\n");
         return false;
     }
@@ -168,27 +277,35 @@ bool vectorio_vector_shape_fill_area(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, const _displ
     bool full_coverage = displayio_area_equal(area, &overlap);
 
     uint8_t pixels_per_byte = 8 / colorspace->depth;
+    VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG(" xy:(%3d %3d) tform:{x:%d y:%d dx:%d dy:%d scl:%d w:%d h:%d mx:%d my:%d tr:%d}",
+        self->x, self->y,
+        self->absolute_transform->x, self->absolute_transform->y, self->absolute_transform->dx, self->absolute_transform->dy, self->absolute_transform->scale,
+        self->absolute_transform->width, self->absolute_transform->height, self->absolute_transform->mirror_x, self->absolute_transform->mirror_y, self->absolute_transform->transpose_xy
+        );
 
-    uint32_t linestride_px = displayio_area_width(area);
+    uint16_t linestride_px = displayio_area_width(area);
-    uint32_t line_dirty_offset_px = (overlap.y1 - area->y1) * linestride_px;
+    uint16_t line_dirty_offset_px = (overlap.y1 - area->y1) * linestride_px;
-    uint32_t column_dirty_offset_px = overlap.x1 - area->x1;
+    uint16_t column_dirty_offset_px = overlap.x1 - area->x1;
     VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG(", linestride:%3d line_offset:%3d col_offset:%3d depth:%2d ppb:%2d shape:%s",
         linestride_px, line_dirty_offset_px, column_dirty_offset_px, colorspace->depth, pixels_per_byte, mp_obj_get_type_str(self->ishape.shape));
 
     displayio_input_pixel_t input_pixel;
     displayio_output_pixel_t output_pixel;
 
-    uint32_t mask_start_px = line_dirty_offset_px;
+    displayio_area_t shape_area;
+    self->ishape.get_area(self->ishape.shape, &shape_area);
+
+    uint16_t mask_start_px = line_dirty_offset_px;
     for (input_pixel.y = overlap.y1; input_pixel.y < overlap.y2; ++input_pixel.y) {
         mask_start_px += column_dirty_offset_px;
         for (input_pixel.x = overlap.x1; input_pixel.x < overlap.x2; ++input_pixel.x) {
             // Check the mask first to see if the pixel has already been set.
-            uint32_t pixel_index = mask_start_px + (input_pixel.x - overlap.x1);
+            uint16_t pixel_index = mask_start_px + (input_pixel.x - overlap.x1);
             uint32_t *mask_doubleword = &(mask[pixel_index / 32]);
             uint8_t mask_bit = pixel_index % 32;
-            VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG("%p pixel_index: %5u mask_bit: %2u", self, pixel_index, mask_bit);
+            VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG("\n%p pixel_index: %5u mask_bit: %2u mask: "U32_TO_BINARY_FMT, self, pixel_index, mask_bit, U32_TO_BINARY(*mask_doubleword));
             if ((*mask_doubleword & (1u << mask_bit)) != 0) {
-                VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" masked\n");
+                VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" masked");
                 continue;
             }
             output_pixel.pixel = 0;
@@ -197,12 +314,39 @@ bool vectorio_vector_shape_fill_area(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, const _displ
             int16_t pixel_to_get_x;
             int16_t pixel_to_get_y;
             if (self->absolute_transform->transpose_xy) {
-                pixel_to_get_x = (input_pixel.y - self->absolute_transform->dy * self->x - self->absolute_transform->y) / self->absolute_transform->dy;
+                pixel_to_get_x = input_pixel.y - self->absolute_transform->y - self->absolute_transform->dy * self->x;
-                pixel_to_get_y = (input_pixel.x - self->absolute_transform->dx * self->y - self->absolute_transform->x) / self->absolute_transform->dx;
+                pixel_to_get_y = input_pixel.x - self->absolute_transform->x - self->absolute_transform->dx * self->y;
+
+                VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" a(%3d, %3d)", pixel_to_get_x, pixel_to_get_y);
+                if (self->absolute_transform->dx < 1) {
+                    pixel_to_get_y *= -1;
+                }
+                if (self->absolute_transform->dy < 1) {
+                    pixel_to_get_x *= -1;
+                }
+                VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" b(%3d, %3d)", pixel_to_get_x, pixel_to_get_y);
             } else {
-                pixel_to_get_x = (input_pixel.x - self->absolute_transform->dx * self->x - self->absolute_transform->x) / self->absolute_transform->dx;
+                pixel_to_get_x = input_pixel.x - self->absolute_transform->x - self->absolute_transform->dx * self->x;
-                pixel_to_get_y = (input_pixel.y - self->absolute_transform->dy * self->y - self->absolute_transform->y) / self->absolute_transform->dy;
+                pixel_to_get_y = input_pixel.y - self->absolute_transform->y - self->absolute_transform->dy * self->y;
+
+                VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" a(%3d, %3d)", pixel_to_get_x, pixel_to_get_y);
+                if (self->absolute_transform->dx < 1) {
+                    pixel_to_get_x *= -1;
+                }
+                if (self->absolute_transform->dy < 1) {
+                    pixel_to_get_y *= -1;
+                }
+                VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" b(%3d, %3d)", pixel_to_get_x, pixel_to_get_y);
+
+                // It's mirrored via dx. Maybe we need to add support for also separately mirroring?
+                // if (self->absolute_transform->mirror_x) {
+                //     pixel_to_get_x = (shape_area.x2 - shape_area.x1) - (pixel_to_get_x - shape_area.x1) + shape_area.x1 - 1;
+                // }
+                // if (self->absolute_transform->mirror_y) {
+                //     pixel_to_get_y = (shape_area.y2 - shape_area.y1) - (pixel_to_get_y - shape_area.y1) + +shape_area.y1 - 1;
+                // }
             }
+
             VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" get_pixel %p (%3d, %3d) -> ( %3d, %3d )", self->ishape.shape, input_pixel.x, input_pixel.y, pixel_to_get_x, pixel_to_get_y);
             #ifdef VECTORIO_PERF
             uint64_t pre_pixel = common_hal_time_monotonic_ns();
@@ -214,39 +358,50 @@ bool vectorio_vector_shape_fill_area(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, const _displ
             #endif
             VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" -> %d", input_pixel.pixel);
 
-            output_pixel.opaque = true;
+            // vectorio shapes use 0 to mean "area is not covered."
-            if (self->pixel_shader == mp_const_none) {
+            // We can skip all the rest of the work for this pixel if it's not currently covered by the shape.
-                output_pixel.pixel = input_pixel.pixel;
+            if (input_pixel.pixel == 0) {
-            } else if (mp_obj_is_type(self->pixel_shader, &displayio_palette_type)) {
+                VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" (encountered transparent pixel; input area is not fully covered)");
-                output_pixel.opaque = displayio_palette_get_color(self->pixel_shader, colorspace, input_pixel.pixel, &output_pixel.pixel);
-            } else if (mp_obj_is_type(self->pixel_shader, &displayio_colorconverter_type)) {
-                displayio_colorconverter_convert(self->pixel_shader, colorspace, &input_pixel, &output_pixel);
-            }
-            if (!output_pixel.opaque) {
-                VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" (encountered transparent pixel; input area is not fully covered)\n");
                 full_coverage = false;
             } else {
+                // Pixel is not transparent. Let's pull the pixel value index down to 0-base for more error-resistant palettes.
+                input_pixel.pixel -= 1;
+                output_pixel.opaque = true;
+
+                if (self->pixel_shader == mp_const_none) {
+                    output_pixel.pixel = input_pixel.pixel;
+                } else if (mp_obj_is_type(self->pixel_shader, &displayio_palette_type)) {
+                    output_pixel.opaque = displayio_palette_get_color(self->pixel_shader, colorspace, input_pixel.pixel, &output_pixel.pixel);
+                } else if (mp_obj_is_type(self->pixel_shader, &displayio_colorconverter_type)) {
+                    displayio_colorconverter_convert(self->pixel_shader, colorspace, &input_pixel, &output_pixel);
+                }
+
+                // We double-check this to fast-path the case when a pixel is not covered by the shape & not call the color converter unnecessarily.
+                if (!output_pixel.opaque) {
+                    VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" (encountered transparent pixel from colorconverter; input area is not fully covered)");
+                    full_coverage = false;
+                }
+
                 *mask_doubleword |= 1u << mask_bit;
                 if (colorspace->depth == 16) {
-                    VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" buffer = %04x 16\n", output_pixel.pixel);
+                    VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" buffer = %04x 16", output_pixel.pixel);
                     *(((uint16_t *)buffer) + pixel_index) = output_pixel.pixel;
                 } else if (colorspace->depth == 8) {
-                    VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" buffer = %02x 8\n", output_pixel.pixel);
+                    VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" buffer = %02x 8", output_pixel.pixel);
                     *(((uint8_t *)buffer) + pixel_index) = output_pixel.pixel;
                 } else if (colorspace->depth < 8) {
                     // Reorder the offsets to pack multiple rows into a byte (meaning they share a column).
                     if (!colorspace->pixels_in_byte_share_row) {
-                        uint16_t width = linestride_px;
+                        uint16_t row = pixel_index / linestride_px;
-                        uint16_t row = pixel_index / width;
+                        uint16_t col = pixel_index % linestride_px;
-                        uint16_t col = pixel_index % width;
+                        pixel_index = col * pixels_per_byte + (row / pixels_per_byte) * pixels_per_byte * linestride_px + row % pixels_per_byte;
-                        pixel_index = col * pixels_per_byte + (row / pixels_per_byte) * pixels_per_byte * width + row % pixels_per_byte;
                     }
                     uint8_t shift = (pixel_index % pixels_per_byte) * colorspace->depth;
                     if (colorspace->reverse_pixels_in_byte) {
                         // Reverse the shift by subtracting it from the leftmost shift.
                         shift = (pixels_per_byte - 1) * colorspace->depth - shift;
                     }
-                    VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" buffer = %2d %d\n", output_pixel.pixel, colorspace->depth);
+                    VECTORIO_SHAPE_PIXEL_DEBUG(" buffer = %2d %d", output_pixel.pixel, colorspace->depth);
                     ((uint8_t *)buffer)[pixel_index / pixels_per_byte] |= output_pixel.pixel << shift;
                 }
             }
@@ -265,20 +420,23 @@ bool vectorio_vector_shape_fill_area(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, const _displ
         (double)(pixel_time / 1000.0 / pixels)
         );
     #endif
-    VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG(" -> pixels:%4d\n");
+    VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG(" -> pixels:%4d\n", (overlap.x2 - overlap.x1) * (overlap.y2 - overlap.y1));
     return full_coverage;
 }
 
 
 void vectorio_vector_shape_finish_refresh(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self) {
-    if (!self->dirty) {
+    if (displayio_area_empty(&self->ephemeral_dirty_area) && !self->current_area_dirty) {
         return;
     }
     VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p finish_refresh was:{(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)}\n", self, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x2, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y2);
-    self->dirty = false;
+    // Reset dirty area to nothing
-    // Reset dirty area tracking to current footprint
+    self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x1 = self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x2; // Cheat to set area to empty
-    _get_screen_area(self, &self->ephemeral_dirty_area);
     self->ephemeral_dirty_area.next = NULL;
+
+    self->current_area_dirty = false; // We don't clear current area so we can remember what to clean up if we move
+    self->current_area.next = NULL;
+
     VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p finish_refresh now:{(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)}\n", self, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x2, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y2);
 
     if (mp_obj_is_type(self->pixel_shader, &displayio_palette_type)) {
@@ -291,16 +449,55 @@ void vectorio_vector_shape_finish_refresh(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self) {
 
 // Assembles a singly linked list of dirty areas from all components on the display.
 displayio_area_t *vectorio_vector_shape_get_refresh_areas(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, displayio_area_t *tail) {
-    if (self->dirty
+    if (self->current_area_dirty
         || (mp_obj_is_type(self->pixel_shader, &displayio_palette_type) && displayio_palette_needs_refresh(self->pixel_shader))
         || (mp_obj_is_type(self->pixel_shader, &displayio_colorconverter_type) && displayio_colorconverter_needs_refresh(self->pixel_shader))
         ) {
-        VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p get_refresh_area dirty:%d {(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)}", self, self->dirty, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x2, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y2);
+        if (!displayio_area_empty(&self->ephemeral_dirty_area)) {
-        common_hal_vectorio_vector_shape_set_dirty(self);
+            // Both are dirty, check if we should combine the areas or draw separately
-        // vector.add_to_head
+            // Draws as few pixels as possible both when animations move short distances and large distances.
+            // The display core implementation currently doesn't combine areas to reduce redrawing of masked areas. If it does,
+            // this could be simplified to just return the 2 possibly overlapping areas.
+            displayio_area_t area_swap;
+            displayio_area_compute_overlap(&self->ephemeral_dirty_area, &self->current_area, &area_swap);
+            uint32_t overlap_size = displayio_area_size(&area_swap);
+            displayio_area_union(&self->ephemeral_dirty_area, &self->current_area, &area_swap); // Leave area_swap as the union area for later.
+            uint32_t union_size = displayio_area_size(&area_swap);
+            uint32_t current_size = displayio_area_size(&self->current_area);
+            uint32_t dirty_size = displayio_area_size(&self->ephemeral_dirty_area);
+
+            VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p get_refresh_area: dirty{(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)} + current{(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)} = union{(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)}: union%d - dirty%d - curr%d + overlap%d = excluded%d : ", self,
+                self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x2, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y2,
+                self->current_area.x1, self->current_area.y1, self->current_area.x2, self->current_area.y2,
+                area_swap.x1, area_swap.y1, area_swap.x2, area_swap.y2,
+                union_size, dirty_size, current_size, overlap_size, (int32_t)union_size - dirty_size - current_size + overlap_size
+                );
+
+            if ((int32_t)union_size - dirty_size - current_size + overlap_size <= min(dirty_size, current_size)) {
+                // The excluded / non-overlapping area from the disjoint dirty and current areas is smaller
+                // than the smallest area we need to draw. Redrawing the overlapping area would cost more
+                // than just drawing the union disjoint area once.
+                VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("combining to take disjoint area\n");
+                displayio_area_copy(&area_swap, &self->ephemeral_dirty_area);
+            } else {
+                // The excluded area between the 2 dirty areas is larger than the smallest dirty area. It would be
+                // more costly to combine these areas than possibly redraw some overlap.
+                VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("excluded area too large, drawing separate area\n");
+                self->current_area.next = tail;
+                tail = &self->current_area;
+            }
+
+            self->ephemeral_dirty_area.next = tail;
+            tail = &self->ephemeral_dirty_area;
+        } else {
+            self->current_area.next = tail;
+            tail = &self->current_area;
+            VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p get_refresh_area: redrawing current: {(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)}\n", self, self->current_area.x1, self->current_area.y1, self->current_area.x2, self->current_area.y2);
+        }
+    } else if (!displayio_area_empty(&self->ephemeral_dirty_area)) {
         self->ephemeral_dirty_area.next = tail;
-        VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG(" this_area: %p next: %p after: %p\n", &self->ephemeral_dirty_area, tail, tail == NULL ? NULL : tail->next);
+        tail = &self->ephemeral_dirty_area;
-        return &self->ephemeral_dirty_area;
+        VECTORIO_SHAPE_DEBUG("%p get_refresh_area redrawing dirty: {(%3d,%3d), (%3d,%3d)}\n", self, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y1, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.x2, self->ephemeral_dirty_area.y2);
     }
     return tail;
 }

shared-module/vectorio/VectorShape.h

@@ -31,11 +31,12 @@ typedef struct {
     int16_t x;
     int16_t y;
     displayio_buffer_transform_t *absolute_transform;
-    bool dirty;  // True if we need to draw
     // Tracks current shape footprint and expands outward as the shape dirties and changes.
     // This is suboptimal if you move your shape far.  Could add more state to only redraw
     //   exactly what we left behind.
     displayio_area_t ephemeral_dirty_area;
+    displayio_area_t current_area;
+    bool current_area_dirty;
 } vectorio_vector_shape_t;
 
 displayio_area_t *vectorio_vector_shape_get_refresh_areas(vectorio_vector_shape_t *self, displayio_area_t *tail);

supervisor/shared/translate.c

@@ -35,12 +35,11 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "py/misc.h"
+#include "py/mpprint.h"
 #include "supervisor/serial.h"
 
 void serial_write_compressed(const compressed_string_t *compressed) {
-    char decompressed[decompress_length(compressed)];
+    mp_printf(MP_PYTHON_PRINTER, "%S", compressed);
-    decompress(compressed, decompressed);
-    serial_write(decompressed);
 }
 
 STATIC void get_word(int n, const mchar_t **pos, const mchar_t **end) {

supervisor/shared/translate.h

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 // flexible array}, but is also future-proofed against strings with
 // UTF-8 length above 256, with a savings of about 1.375 bytes per
 // string.
-typedef struct {
+typedef struct compressed_string {
     uint8_t data;
     const uint8_t tail[];
 } compressed_string_t;