circuitpython/docs/library/micropython.rst

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:mod:`micropython` -- access and control MicroPython internals
==============================================================
.. module:: micropython
:synopsis: access and control MicroPython internals
Functions
---------
.. function:: const(expr)
Used to declare that the expression is a constant so that the compile can
optimise it. The use of this function should be as follows::
from micropython import const
CONST_X = const(123)
CONST_Y = const(2 * CONST_X + 1)
Constants declared this way are still accessible as global variables from
outside the module they are declared in. On the other hand, if a constant
begins with an underscore then it is hidden, it is not available as a global
variable, and does not take up any memory during execution.
This `const` function is recognised directly by the MicroPython parser and is
provided as part of the :mod:`micropython` module mainly so that scripts can be
written which run under both CPython and MicroPython, by following the above
pattern.
.. function:: opt_level([level])
If *level* is given then this function sets the optimisation level for subsequent
compilation of scripts, and returns ``None``. Otherwise it returns the current
optimisation level.
.. function:: alloc_emergency_exception_buf(size)
Allocate *size* bytes of RAM for the emergency exception buffer (a good
size is around 100 bytes). The buffer is used to create exceptions in cases
when normal RAM allocation would fail (eg within an interrupt handler) and
therefore give useful traceback information in these situations.
A good way to use this function is to put it at the start of your main script
(eg ``boot.py`` or ``main.py``) and then the emergency exception buffer will be active
for all the code following it.
.. function:: mem_info([verbose])
Print information about currently used memory. If the *verbose* argument
is given then extra information is printed.
The information that is printed is implementation dependent, but currently
includes the amount of stack and heap used. In verbose mode it prints out
the entire heap indicating which blocks are used and which are free.
.. function:: qstr_info([verbose])
Print information about currently interned strings. If the *verbose*
argument is given then extra information is printed.
The information that is printed is implementation dependent, but currently
includes the number of interned strings and the amount of RAM they use. In
verbose mode it prints out the names of all RAM-interned strings.
.. function:: stack_use()
Return an integer representing the current amount of stack that is being
used. The absolute value of this is not particularly useful, rather it
should be used to compute differences in stack usage at different points.
.. function:: heap_lock()
.. function:: heap_unlock()
Lock or unlock the heap. When locked no memory allocation can occur and a
`MemoryError` will be raised if any heap allocation is attempted.
These functions can be nested, ie `heap_lock()` can be called multiple times
in a row and the lock-depth will increase, and then `heap_unlock()` must be
called the same number of times to make the heap available again.
.. function:: kbd_intr(chr)
Set the character that will raise a `KeyboardInterrupt` exception. By
default this is set to 3 during script execution, corresponding to Ctrl-C.
Passing -1 to this function will disable capture of Ctrl-C, and passing 3
will restore it.
This function can be used to prevent the capturing of Ctrl-C on the
incoming stream of characters that is usually used for the REPL, in case
that stream is used for other purposes.
.. function:: schedule(func, arg)
Schedule the function *func* to be executed "very soon". The function
is passed the value *arg* as its single argument. "Very soon" means that
the MicroPython runtime will do its best to execute the function at the
earliest possible time, given that it is also trying to be efficient, and
that the following conditions hold:
- A scheduled function will never preempt another scheduled function.
- Scheduled functions are always executed "between opcodes" which means
that all fundamental Python operations (such as appending to a list)
are guaranteed to be atomic.
- A given port may define "critical regions" within which scheduled
functions will never be executed. Functions may be scheduled within
a critical region but they will not be executed until that region
is exited. An example of a critical region is a preempting interrupt
handler (an IRQ).
A use for this function is to schedule a callback from a preempting IRQ.
Such an IRQ puts restrictions on the code that runs in the IRQ (for example
the heap may be locked) and scheduling a function to call later will lift
those restrictions.
Note: If `schedule()` is called from a preempting IRQ, when memory
allocation is not allowed and the callback to be passed to `schedule()` is
a bound method, passing this directly will fail. This is because creating a
reference to a bound method causes memory allocation. A solution is to
create a reference to the method in the class constructor and to pass that
reference to `schedule()`. This is discussed in detail here
:ref:`reference documentation <isr_rules>` under "Creation of Python
objects".
There is a finite stack to hold the scheduled functions and `schedule()`
will raise a `RuntimeError` if the stack is full.