.. _pyb.I2C:

class I2C -- a two-wire serial protocol
=======================================

I2C is a two-wire protocol for communicating between devices.  At the physical
level it consists of 2 wires: SCL and SDA, the clock and data lines respectively.

I2C objects are created attached to a specific bus.  They can be initialised
when created, or initialised later on.

.. only:: port_pyboard

    Example::

        from pyb import I2C

        i2c = I2C(1)                         # create on bus 1
        i2c = I2C(1, I2C.MASTER)             # create and init as a master
        i2c.init(I2C.MASTER, baudrate=20000) # init as a master
        i2c.init(I2C.SLAVE, addr=0x42)       # init as a slave with given address
        i2c.deinit()                         # turn off the peripheral

.. only:: port_wipy

    Example::

        from pyb import I2C

        i2c = I2C(0)                         # create on bus 0
        i2c = I2C(0, I2C.MASTER)             # create and init as a master
        i2c.init(I2C.MASTER, baudrate=20000) # init as a master
        i2c.deinit()                         # turn off the peripheral

Printing the i2c object gives you information about its configuration.

.. only:: port_pyboard

    The basic methods are send and recv::

        i2c.send('abc')      # send 3 bytes
        i2c.send(0x42)       # send a single byte, given by the number
        data = i2c.recv(3)   # receive 3 bytes
    
    To receive inplace, first create a bytearray::

        data = bytearray(3)  # create a buffer
        i2c.recv(data)       # receive 3 bytes, writing them into data

    You can specify a timeout (in ms)::

        i2c.send(b'123', timeout=2000)   # timout after 2 seconds

    A master must specify the recipient's address::

        i2c.init(I2C.MASTER)
        i2c.send('123', 0x42)        # send 3 bytes to slave with address 0x42
        i2c.send(b'456', addr=0x42)  # keyword for address

    Master also has other methods::

        i2c.is_ready(0x42)           # check if slave 0x42 is ready
        i2c.scan()                   # scan for slaves on the bus, returning
                                     #   a list of valid addresses
        i2c.mem_read(3, 0x42, 2)     # read 3 bytes from memory of slave 0x42,
                                     #   starting at address 2 in the slave
        i2c.mem_write('abc', 0x42, 2, timeout=1000) # write 'abc' (3 bytes) to memory of slave 0x42
                                                    # starting at address 2 in the slave, timeout after 1 second

.. only:: port_wipy

    A master must specify the recipient's address::

        i2c.init(I2C.MASTER)
        i2c.writeto(0x42, '123')        # send 3 bytes to slave with address 0x42
        i2c.writeto(addr=0x42, b'456')  # keyword for address

    Master also has other methods::

        i2c.scan()                          # scan for slaves on the bus, returning
                                            #   a list of valid addresses
        i2c.readfrom_mem(0x42, 2, 3)        # read 3 bytes from memory of slave 0x42,
                                            #   starting at address 2 in the slave
        i2c.writeto_mem(0x42, 2, 'abc')     # write 'abc' (3 bytes) to memory of slave 0x42
                                            # starting at address 2 in the slave, timeout after 1 second

Constructors
------------

.. only:: port_pyboard

    .. class:: pyb.I2C(bus, ...)

       Construct an I2C object on the given bus.  ``bus`` can be 1 or 2.
       With no additional parameters, the I2C object is created but not
       initialised (it has the settings from the last initialisation of
       the bus, if any).  If extra arguments are given, the bus is initialised.
       See ``init`` for parameters of initialisation.

       The physical pins of the I2C busses are:

         - ``I2C(1)`` is on the X position: ``(SCL, SDA) = (X9, X10) = (PB6, PB7)``
         - ``I2C(2)`` is on the Y position: ``(SCL, SDA) = (Y9, Y10) = (PB10, PB11)``

.. only:: port_wipy

    .. class:: pyb.I2C(bus, ...)

       Construct an I2C object on the given bus.  `bus` can only be 0.
       If the bus is not given, the default one will be selected (0).

Methods
-------

.. method:: i2c.deinit()

   Turn off the I2C bus.

.. only:: port_pyboard

    .. method:: i2c.init(mode, \*, addr=0x12, baudrate=400000, gencall=False)

      Initialise the I2C bus with the given parameters:

         - ``mode`` must be either ``I2C.MASTER`` or ``I2C.SLAVE``
         - ``addr`` is the 7-bit address (only sensible for a slave)
         - ``baudrate`` is the SCL clock rate (only sensible for a master)
         - ``gencall`` is whether to support general call mode

    .. method:: i2c.is_ready(addr)

       Check if an I2C device responds to the given address.  Only valid when in master mode.

    .. method:: i2c.mem_read(data, addr, memaddr, \*, timeout=5000, addr_size=8)

       Read from the memory of an I2C device:

         - ``data`` can be an integer (number of bytes to read) or a buffer to read into
         - ``addr`` is the I2C device address
         - ``memaddr`` is the memory location within the I2C device
         - ``timeout`` is the timeout in milliseconds to wait for the read
         - ``addr_size`` selects width of memaddr: 8 or 16 bits

       Returns the read data.
       This is only valid in master mode.

    .. method:: i2c.mem_write(data, addr, memaddr, \*, timeout=5000, addr_size=8)

       Write to the memory of an I2C device:

         - ``data`` can be an integer or a buffer to write from
         - ``addr`` is the I2C device address
         - ``memaddr`` is the memory location within the I2C device
         - ``timeout`` is the timeout in milliseconds to wait for the write
         - ``addr_size`` selects width of memaddr: 8 or 16 bits

       Returns ``None``.
       This is only valid in master mode.

    .. method:: i2c.recv(recv, addr=0x00, \*, timeout=5000)

       Receive data on the bus:

         - ``recv`` can be an integer, which is the number of bytes to receive,
           or a mutable buffer, which will be filled with received bytes
         - ``addr`` is the address to receive from (only required in master mode)
         - ``timeout`` is the timeout in milliseconds to wait for the receive
    
       Return value: if ``recv`` is an integer then a new buffer of the bytes received,
       otherwise the same buffer that was passed in to ``recv``.

    .. method:: i2c.send(send, addr=0x00, \*, timeout=5000)

       Send data on the bus:

         - ``send`` is the data to send (an integer to send, or a buffer object)
         - ``addr`` is the address to send to (only required in master mode)
         - ``timeout`` is the timeout in milliseconds to wait for the send

       Return value: ``None``.

.. only:: port_wipy

    .. method:: i2c.init(mode, \*, baudrate=100000)

      Initialise the I2C bus with the given parameters:

         - ``mode`` must be ``I2C.MASTER``
         - ``baudrate`` is the SCL clock rate

    .. method:: i2c.readfrom(addr, nbytes)

        Read ``nbytes`` from the slave specified by ``addr``.
        Returns a ``bytes`` object with the data read.

    .. method:: i2c.readfrom_into(addr, buf)

        Read into ``buf`` from the slave specified by ``addr``.
        Returns the number of bytes read.

    .. method:: i2c.writeto(addr, buf, \*, stop=True)

        Write ``buf`` to the slave specified by ``addr``. Set ``stop`` to ``False``
        if the transfer should be continued.
        Returns the number of bytes written.

    .. method:: i2c.readfrom_mem(addr, memaddr, nbytes, \*, addrsize=8)

        Read ``nbytes`` from the slave specified by ``addr`` starting from the memory
        address specified by ``memaddr``.
        Param ``addrsize`` specifies the address size in bits.
        Returns a ``bytes`` object with the data read.

    .. method:: i2c.readfrom_mem_into(addr, memaddr, buf, \*, addrsize=8)

        Read into ``buf`` from the slave specified by ``addr`` starting from the memory
        address specified by ``memaddr``.
        Param ``addrsize`` specifies the address size in bits.
        Returns the number of bytes read.

    .. method:: i2c.writeto_mem(addr, memaddr, buf, \*, addrsize=8)

        Write ``buf`` to the slave specified by ``addr`` starting from the
        memory address specified by ``memaddr``. Param ``addrsize`` specifies the 
        address size in bits.
        Set ``stop`` to ``False`` if the transfer should be continued.
        Returns the number of bytes written.

.. method:: i2c.scan()

   Scan all I2C addresses from 0x01 to 0x7f and return a list of those that respond.
   Only valid when in master mode.

Constants
---------

.. data:: I2C.MASTER

   for initialising the bus to master mode

.. only:: port_pyboard

    .. data:: I2C.SLAVE
    
       for initialising the bus to slave mode
